Following standard one-minute handwashing, both hands were immersed up to the mid-metacarpals for 5 seconds into a contamination fluid containing E. coli. Handrubs were performed by using 60% propan-2-ol into the cupped hands and rub vigorously for 30 seconds, the procedure was completed by a 5 seconds rinse of the fingers under running tap water and excess water was shaken off.

Following standard one-minute handwashing, both hands were immersed up to the mid-metacarpals for 5 seconds into a contamination fluid containing E. coli. Handrubs were performed by pouring 1.5 ml of JUC into the cupped hands and rub vigorously for 30 seconds, the procedure was completed by a 5 seconds rinse of the fingers under running tap water and excess water was shaken off.

1.5 ml JUC solution rubbing on hands for 30 seconds, repeated twice

Pre-value and post-value were collected by rubbing the fingertips and thumb tips of each hand for 1 minute on the base of a Petri dish containing medium. Then the samples with appropriate dilutions were plated onto agar plates for incubation, and colony forming units of the plates were counted.

JUC was applied after handwashing, an invisible protective frame will be formed on treated hands. Samples were collected for culture each hour after the challenge of the E. coli contamination fluid.Pre-value and post-value were collected by rubbing the fingertips and thumb tips of each hand for 1 minute on the base of a Petri dish containing medium. Then the samples with appropriate dilutions were plated onto agar plates for incubation, and colony forming units of the plates were counted.

Mixing the JUC with or without neutralizer with a fixed amount of E. coli to assess the bactericidal effects.