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Much of the basic general medical care and chronic disease management in rural Honduras comes from groups of volunteers setting up temporary clinics run by volunteers. These clinics, also known as brigades, or medical missions, are often criticized for their lack of quality and the lack of follow-up, both of which stem, in part, from understaffing with volunteer physicians. This study is designed to assess if it is feasible, safe, and acceptable to treat patients in short-term mobile medical clinics in rural Honduras using US physicians connected with patients by videoconference.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine First | Experimental | Patients whose first physician visit during the clinic was using videoconference, a form of telemedicine, and whose second physician visit during the clinic was with a physician in-person. |
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| Telemedicine Second | Experimental | Patients whose first physician visit during the clinic was with a physician in-person, and whose second physician visit during the clinic was using videoconference, a form of telemedicine. This is the reverse order of visits of the "Telemedicine fist" arm. |
|
| Two physician visits | Active Comparator | Patients who had two sequential visits with different in-person physicians. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telemedicine | Other | Patients undergo a detailed history and examination to the degree that is possible using the videoconference program, skype, a digital camera for high-resolution images, and an electronic stethoscope. A clinic volunteer aids with examination, translation and documentation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Diagnoses | The diagnoses resulting from the two physician visits will be compared and a cohen's kappa statistic will be calculated for diagnoses between the visits. | Same Day as clinic visit (less than 6 hours) |
| Recommended clinical treatments | After each of a patient's two physician visits, the physician's resulting recommended treatments will be gathered for comparison between the two visits. | Same Day as clinic visit (less than 6 hours) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient opinions of physician interactions | Patients will receive a survey following each interaction with a doctor. These surveys cover communication, comfort and satisfaction. | Immediately following physician interactions (less than 6 hours) |
| Physician opinions of patient interactions |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | The costs of materials and services required to conduct the patient examinations will be collected to build an economic model and projected cost of scaling up the videoconference interventions. | One year (from pilot to completion of study) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bart Demaerschalk, MD/MSc | Mayo Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Brigades | Tegucigalpa | Francisco Morazán Department | Honduras |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004194 | Disease |
| D017060 | Patient Satisfaction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017216 | Telemedicine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003695 | Delivery of Health Care |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
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| In-person physician interaction | Other | Patients undergo a detailed history and examination by an in-person physician. A clinic volunteer aids with examination, translation and documentation, as needed. |
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doctors will fill out a survey about their patient interactions after they complete their experience volunteering with the clinic. |
| immediately following volunteer activities with the clinic (less than 48 hours) |
| Volunteer opinions of physician-patient interactions | Volunteers who helped with physician interactions will receive a survey about their experience concerning physician patient communication, volunteer educational value and perceived value of the experience. | immediately following experience with the clinic (Less than 48 hours) |
| D001519 | Behavior |