Comparative Study of Fluoride Metabolism, Bone Remodelling and Mineral Density in HIV + Men Being Given Tenofovir With FTC, Emtricitabine (TRUVADA®), or Without (VIREAD®), as Part of Their Antiretroviral Therapy.
Comparative Study of Fluoride Metabolism, Bone Remodelling and Mineral Density in HIV + Men Being Given Tenofovir With FTC, Emtricitabine (TRUVADA®), or Without (VIREAD®), as Part of Their Antiretroviral Therapy.
HIV+ patients are considered at risk for excessive bone fragility. Several factors could contribute: age, male sex, low body mass index (BMI), HIV infection per se, vitamin D deficiency, using tenofovir/a protease inhibitor (time on and/or current use). Tenofovir is used in a backbone of nucleosides/nucleotides analogues with emtricitabine (FTC), licensed as TRUVADA®, or without this analogue, licensed as VIREAD®. FTC closely resembles lamivudine (3TC) but is 5-fluorinated, the daily intake of fluoride is ~15 mg. Fluoride induces bone formation by stimulating osteoblasts, of often impaired bone quality.
The aim of the study is to compare in a cross-sectional design fluoride levels, bone renewal, bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV+ male patients treated by TRUVADA® or VIREAD® for more than 60 months. The patients will be randomly selected, then matched according to age, ethnic origin, BMI.
Fluoride metabolism will be studied by measurement of fluoride in blood and in daily urine, bone remodelling by measurement of P1NP. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) will be used to determine the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck and distal radius. Volumetric BMD (v-BMD) and micro-architecture of distal radius and tibia will be studied using a HR-pQCT scan (Xtreme, Scanco).
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: