Dietary Nitrate and Exercise to Augment Exercise Training... | NCT01785524

NCT01785524

ID	Type	Description	Link
5R21HL113717-02	U.S. NIH Grant/Contract		View source

Status Module

Sponsor/Collaborators Module

Name	Class
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)	NIH

Oversight Module

Description Module

Conditions Module

Design Module

Interventional Study Design

Biospecimen

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Arms/Interventions Module

Arm Groups

Label	Type	Description	Intervention Names
BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Experimental	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention.	Drug: Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training
BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Placebo Comparator	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention.	Other: Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training

Interventions

Name	Type	Description	Arm Group Labels	Other Names
Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training	Drug	The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Outcomes Module

Primary Outcomes

Measure	Description	Time Frame
Change in Exercise Capacity - Maximal Oxygen Capacity (VO2peak)	Exercise capacity will be assessed using a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test with expired gas analysis, for determination of peak oxygen consumption	Baseline & 16 Weeks
Change in Exercise Capacity - Time to Exhaustion (TTE)	Exercise capacity will be assessed using a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test for determination of Time to Exhaustion (TTE)	Baseline & 16 Weeks
Change in Exercise Capacity - Claudication Onset Time (COT)	Exercise capacity will be assessed using a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test for determination of Claudication Onset Time (COT)	Baseline & 16 Weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Measure	Description	Time Frame
Change in Functional Ability	Six-Minute Walk test. This test simple and practical assessment of functional capacity. The test measures the distance that a patient can walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes. The test is self-paced and assesses the submaximal level of functional capacity. The subjects choose their own intensity and are allowed to stop and rest if necessary during the test.

Eligibility Module

Contacts/Locations Module

Name	Affiliation	Role
Jason D Allen, PhD	Duke University	Principal Investigator

Facility	Status	City	State	ZIP	Country	Contacts
Duke Diet & Fitness Center		Durham	North Carolina	27710	United States

References Module

Citations

PubMed Identifier	Type	Citation	Retractions
29976553	Derived	Woessner M, VanBruggen MD, Pieper CF, Sloane R, Kraus WE, Gow AJ, Allen JD. Beet the Best? Circ Res. 2018 Aug 31;123(6):654-659. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313131.

Label	URL
Frederick R. Cobb Non-Invasive Vascular Research Laboratory	View source

IPD Sharing Statement Module

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Results Section

Participant Flow Module

Arm/Group Information

ID	Title	Description
FG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Baseline Characteristics Module

Outcome Measures Module

Adverse Events Module

More Info Module

Annotation Section

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Document Section

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Derived Section

Miscellaneous Info Module

Submission Tracking

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Condition Browse Module

Intervention Browse Module

Masking Info

BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training

Type of Units Analyzed

Arm/Group Information

ID	Title	Description
BG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
BG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
BG002	Total	Total of all reporting groups

Units	Counts
Participants	BG0007 BG0014 BG00211

Baseline Measures

Title

Description

Population Description

Parameter Type

Dispersion Type

Unit of Measure

Calculate Percentage

Denominator Units Selected

Denominators

Classes

Age, Continuous

Mean

Standard Deviation

years

Title

Denominators

Categories

Title	Measurements
	OG0000.85± 0.57 OG001-0.15± 1.13

Primary

Change in Exercise Capacity - Time to Exhaustion (TTE)

Exercise capacity will be assessed using a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test for determination of Time to Exhaustion (TTE)

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

seconds

Baseline & 16 Weeks

ID	Title	Description
OG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
OG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Primary

Change in Exercise Capacity - Claudication Onset Time (COT)

Exercise capacity will be assessed using a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test for determination of Claudication Onset Time (COT)

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

seconds

Baseline & 16 Weeks

ID	Title	Description
OG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
OG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Secondary

Change in Functional Ability

Six-Minute Walk test. This test simple and practical assessment of functional capacity. The test measures the distance that a patient can walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes. The test is self-paced and assesses the submaximal level of functional capacity. The subjects choose their own intensity and are allowed to stop and rest if necessary during the test.

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

feet

Baseline and 16 Weeks

ID	Title	Description
OG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
OG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Secondary

Change in Angiogenesis

Gastrocnemious muscle biopsy will be performed to measure the number of capillaries per fibre as a marker of change in angiogenesis between groups.

participants who underwent the gastrocnemius muscle biopsies

Posted

Mean

Standard Deviation

ratio of capillaries to muscle fibres

Baseline and 16 weeks

ID	Title	Description
OG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
OG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Secondary

Change In Vascular Function

Vascular Function will be measured as the Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD)

participants who completed study

Posted

Number

change % dilation

Baseline and 16 weeks

ID	Title	Description
OG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.
OG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.

Arm/Groups

ID	Title	Description	Deaths (Affected)	Deaths (At Risk)	Serious Events (Affected)	Serious Events (At Risk)	Other Events (Affected)	Other Events (At Risk)
EG000	BR Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Supervised Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of beetroot juice and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot) and Exercise Training: The beverage is high in inorganic nitrate and bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.			0	7	0	7
EG001	BR Juice Placebo and Exercise Training	Subjects consume 70 ml of Beetroot Juice (Beet-It Stamina Shot; Placebo) to assess acute effects of beverage supplementation at the start (between Testing Visits 1 & 2) and at the end of the trial (between Visits 3 & 4). It also allows for comparisons of the combination of placebo beverage and chronic training effects (between Visits 2 & 3) to when the subject has not consumed the beverage (Visits 1 & 4). All subjects will consume Beet-It Stamina Shot (Placebo) 3 hours prior to all beverage tolerance visits, Testing Visits 2 & 3 and for all supervised exercise training visits during the 12 week intervention. Placebo Comparator Beverage (Beet-It Stamina Shot) & Exercise Training: The beverage is identical in look and taste to Beet-It Stamina Shot but with active ingredient removed. It is also bottled and supplied by James White Drinks. This placebo supplement will be used in conjunction with supervised exercise training.			0	4	0	4

The largest limitation to the study was the evolving knowledge on conversion rates of oral inorganic nitrate to nitrite. We found a good deal of unexpected inter and intra-subject variation in conversion rates.

Certain Agreements

Title	Organization	Phone	Extension	Email
Jason D. Allen, PhD	Victoria University	61 3 9919 4264		jason.allen@vu.edu.au

ID	Term
D058729	Peripheral Arterial Disease
D003924	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
D002318	Cardiovascular Diseases
D014652	Vascular Diseases
D001157	Arterial Occlusive Diseases
D003920	Diabetes Mellitus
D009043	Motor Activity

Ancestor Terms

ID	Term
D050197	Atherosclerosis
D001161	Arteriosclerosis
D016491	Peripheral Vascular Diseases
D044882	Glucose Metabolism Disorders
D008659	Metabolic Diseases
D009750	Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
D004700	Endocrine System Diseases
D001519	Behavior

ID	Term
D015444	Exercise

ID	Term
D009043	Motor Activity
D009068	Movement
D009142	Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena
D055687	Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena