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A high-calcium intake can accelerate fat loss under energy-restricted diets. Part of this may be due to a shift in substrate metabolism where there is an increase in the rate of fat oxidation. However, whether high-calcium intake can influence substrate metabolism during exercise is not known. Accordingly, we aim to investigate the effect of 2 weeks of high-calcium intake on substrate metabolism during exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | A chocolate milkshake with a normal calcium content will be consumed daily (235 kcal; 13 g protein; 42 g carbohydrate; 1 g fat, 400 mg calcium per serving). |
|
| High-Calcium | Experimental | A chocolate milkshake with a high calcium content will be consumed daily (235 kcal; 13 g protein; 42 g carbohydrate; 1 g fat, 1400 mg calcium per serving). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Dietary Supplement | Milk-extracted calcium supplement will be used to modulate the calcium content of the milkshakes used. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Substrate metabolism | Substrate metabolism will be assessed by the respiratory exchange ratio (rate of carbon dioxide production/rate of oxygen consumption) from samples of expired gas collected during the first 15 minutes of an incremental cycling test. | 60 s samples every 3 min for 15 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations | Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations will be determined from plasma samples collected during the first 15 minutes of an incremental cycling test to indicate fatty acid availability. | Every 3 min for 15 min |
| Plasma glycerol concentrations |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum parathyroid hormone concentration | Parathyroid hormone concentrations will be determined at rest before and after supplementation periods as a indicator of calcium status. | Baseline (Pre-post 2 week supplementation) |
| Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide concentration |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Emma J Stevenson, PhD | Northumbria University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northumbria University | Newcastle upon Tyne | Tyne and Wear | NE1 8ST | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002118 | Calcium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008673 | Metals, Alkaline Earth |
| D004602 | Elements |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D008670 | Metals |
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| Placebo | Dietary Supplement |
|
Glycerol concentrations will be determined from plasma samples collected during the first 15 minutes of an incremental cycling test as a marker of lipolysis. |
| Every 3 min for 15 min |
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide concentrations will be determined at rest before and after supplementation periods as a potential mechanism of any changes in metabolism. |
| Baseline (Pre-post 2 week supplementation) |
| Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration | Glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations will be determined at rest before and after supplementation periods as a potential mechanism of any changes in metabolism. | Baseline (Pre-post 2 week supplementation) |
| D001779 |
| Blood Coagulation Factors |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |