Study terminated due to difficulty in enrollment

The primary objective is to compare fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for the sustained clinical cure of Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) in adult patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

On Day 1, subjects with diarrhea defined as having three or more unformed bowel movements or >200 mL of unformed stool (for subjects having rectal collection devices) within 24 hours, confirmed by a rapid CDI test (positive for both toxins A & B and glutamate dehydrogenase) to have CDI will be randomized to receive fidaxomicin or vancomycin (1:1 randomization).

Subjects will be treated with study medication from Day 1 to Day 10. Assessment for clinical cure (Test of Cure [TOC]) will take place 48 - 72 hours after End of Treatment (EOT). Subjects not meeting the definition of clinical cure at TOC will be defined as treatment failures.

A stool sample for evaluation of microbial cure will be taken at TOC on Day 12.

Subjects meeting the criteria for clinical cure at TOC will be monitored for recurrence until 28 days after TOC (Day 40).

Treatment of subjects with recurrence of CDI will be at the

discretion of the Investigator.

Subjects not meeting the criteria for clinical cure at TOC will be followed for safety until Day 40. Further CDI treatment will be at the discretion of the Investigator.

The strain of Clostridium difficile will be determined for all samples.

Inclusion Criteria:

• CDI is confirmed by clinical symptoms and rapid CDI test

• Subject has not been treated with medication for CDI within the last 10 days

• Subject is:

  • receiving immunosuppressive therapy (chemotherapy) or is undergoing a stem cell transplant procedure (defined as the time period from the start of conditioning prior to transplant until 6 months after infusion of stem cells) for a hematological malignancy; or
  • receiving immunosuppressive therapy (chemotherapy) for a solid tumor malignancy or following solid organ transplantation; or
  • being treated with immunosuppressive and /or anti-TNF therapy for an auto-immune disease

• Any woman of childbearing potential requires negative serum or urine pregnancy test before entry to the study

• Male and female subjects that are sexually active must agree to practice effective birth control during the study and for 30 days after the end of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• The subject has experienced more than one previous episode of CDI within the 3 months prior to study inclusion
• Taking or requiring to be treated with prohibited medications
• Unable to take oral study medication
• Female patients that are pregnant, intend to become pregnant or are breastfeeding
• History of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
• History or diagnosis of toxic megacolon or pseudomembranous colitis
• Hypersensitivity to fidaxomicin or any of its components
• Hypersensitivity to vancomycin or any of its components