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To establish the correlation of the location of the Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy to the post operative visual symptoms experienced by some patients. The investigators hypothesize that fully uncovered laser peripheral iridotomy will produce less significant dysphotopsia, due to avoidance of the prismatic effect produced by the tear film than those covered.
Nd:YAG LPI is a frequently performed procedure for patients who have narrow angles at risk of acute angle closure glaucoma, pupillary-block conditions, chronic angle closure, and pigment dispersion syndrome. Most complications associated with the procedure are benign and include intraocular pressure (IOP) spike, transient uveitis, hyphema, corneal or lens damage and closure of the iridotomy. Visual disturbances have been also reported but only a few papers address this specific issue. The rate of these symptoms vary between 2.7% and 4%. It is believed that these symptoms are associated with the fact that light enters through the LPI and thus creating abnormal visual symptoms. Hence it has been suggested to carefully place the LPI so that the eyelid fully covers the LPI, therefore preventing light getting through. However, reports of patients with fully covered LPIs and visual disturbances have led to hypothesize the theory that even when fully covered by the eyelid, light can access through the LPI by a base-up prism created by the tear meniscus at the lid margin. Therefore, placement of the LPI, fully covered, partially covered or totally uncovered can potentially lead to equally significant symptoms. This study will attempt to address the issue of placement of the LPI in relationship with visual symptoms.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Superior Laser Peripheral Iridotomy | Experimental | Neodymium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser peripheral iridotomy was performed on the superior aspect of the iris in the eye being treated. This will be in the 11 to 1 o'clock position. |
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| Temporal Laser Peripheral Iridotomy | Experimental | Neodymium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser peripheral iridotomy was performed on the temporal aspect of the iris in the eye being treated. The position will be in the 2 to 4 o'clock in the left eye and 8 to 10 o'clock in the right eye. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neodymium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser | Device | This device is used to perform the peripheral iridotomy on all patients. It is a standard of care approved device. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of Linear Dysphotopsia | The change in presence of linear dysphotopsia from baseline (prior to intervention) to 1 month after the Nd:YAG laser intervention is performed. | Baseline (Time =0),1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of Visual Dysphotopsia | This includes Halo, Crescent, Ghost Images, Glare, Shadows. This records the change in the presence of these symptoms from baseline (prior to intervention) and 1 month after the Nd:YAG laser intervention. | Baseline (Time = 0), 1 month |
| Pain Experienced |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Iqbal Ike K Ahmed, MD | University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA | Principal Investigator |
| Vanessa Vera, MD | University of Toronto, Canada | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit Valley EyeCare | Mississauga | Ontario | L5L 1W8 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6548087 | Background | Khodadoust AA, Arkfeld DF, Caprioli J, Sears ML. Ocular effect of neodymium-YAG laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug 15;98(2):144-52. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(87)90348-5. | |
| 1961641 | Background | Murphy PH, Trope GE. Monocular blurring. A complication of YAG laser iridotomy. Ophthalmology. 1991 Oct;98(10):1539-42. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32091-8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015812 | Glaucoma, Angle-Closure |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005901 | Glaucoma |
| D009798 | Ocular Hypertension |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007834 | Lasers |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055096 | Optical Devices |
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
| D055618 | Radiation Equipment and Supplies |
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| Nd:YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy | Procedure | After application of topical anesthetic to the eye undergoing the LPI, the patient is seated at the laser machine. Abraham iridotomy lens filled with a viscous material will be used to facilitate the procedure. The thinnest area of the iris quadrant treated will be chosen. Nd:YAG Laser will be applied until iridotomy is opened satisfactory. |
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The pain experienced when the Nd:YAG procedure is performed. This is on a scale of 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the most severe pain imaginable. |
| Procedure (Time = 0) |
| Nd:YAG Laser Power Used | The amount of laser power used on the Nd:YAG laser to perform the intervention. | Procedure (Time = 0) |
| 16148584 | Background | Spaeth GL, Idowu O, Seligsohn A, Henderer J, Fonatanarosa J, Modi A, Nallamshetty HS, Chieh J, Haim L, Steinmann WC, Moster M. The effects of iridotomy size and position on symptoms following laser peripheral iridotomy. J Glaucoma. 2005 Oct;14(5):364-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ijg.0000177213.31620.02. |
| 1584561 | Background | Weintraub J, Berke SJ. Blurring after iridotomy. Ophthalmology. 1992 Apr;99(4):479-80. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)38516-1. No abstract available. |
| 22424576 | Background | Congdon N, Yan X, Friedman DS, Foster PJ, van den Berg TJ, Peng M, Gangwani R, He M. Visual symptoms and retinal straylight after laser peripheral iridotomy: the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1375-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.015. Epub 2012 Mar 14. |
| 16228219 | Background | Chung RS, Guan AE. Unusual visual disturbance following laser peripheral iridotomy for intermittent angle closure glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006 Apr;244(4):532-3. doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0129-x. Epub 2005 Oct 14. No abstract available. |
| 24531024 | Derived | Vera V, Naqi A, Belovay GW, Varma DK, Ahmed II. Dysphotopsia after temporal versus superior laser peripheral iridotomy: a prospective randomized paired eye trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 May;157(5):929-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.02.010. Epub 2014 Feb 14. |