The primary objective is to identify a panel of plasma and/or serum proteins that differentiates the absence or presence of lung malignancy in samples obtained from subjects enrolled in this IRB/EC approved study with pulmonary nodules.

Blood samples are obtained from those patients undergoing procedures to determine if a lung nodule is benign or cancerous. The data from the study will not be used to guide or influence the treatment of the patients enrolled in this study. There is no change from the normal standard of care that patients receive.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age ≥ 40
• any smoking status, e.g. current, former, or never
• co-morbid conditions, e.g. COPD
• Nodule size ≥ 4 mm and ≤ 30 mm (up to Stage 2B eligible), any spiculation or ground glass opacity
• Pathology: malignant - adenocarcinoma, squamous, or large cell
• Pathology: benign - inflammatory (e.g. granulomatous, infectious) or non-inflammatory (e.g. hamartoma)
• Clinical stage, Primary tumor: ≤T2 (e.g. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B)
• Clinical stage, Regional lymph nodes: N0 or N1 only
• Clinical stage, Distant metastasis: M0 only

Exclusion Criteria:

• prior malignancy within 5 years of lung nodule diagnosis
• No nodule size available
• No pathology data available for those with
• Current diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer
• Clinical stage: Primary tumor ≥T3; Regional lymph nodes: ≥N2; 4 Distant metastasis: ≥M1

Patients undergoing procedure for histologic diagnosis of lung nodule(s)