This is a three phase study designed to examine clinician behaviors with regard to recommending and prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention strategy, and to identify knowledge-related and attitudinal factors associated with these behaviors. Each phase consists of the following:

Phase 1: Semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews of ATN-affiliated clinicians. Approximately 10 clinicians will be interviewed.

Phase 2: Development of a new theory-based survey instrument and cognitive interview testing of this survey. Approximately five clinicians (of those who participated in Phase 1) will be interviewed.

Phase 3: Administration of the newly developed survey to ATN-affiliated clinicians. Approximately 60 clinicians will be interviewed.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinicians (including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) that EITHER: Provide primary HIV care for HIV-infected and primary care for HIV-uninfected adolescents; OR Provide primary HIV care to HIV-infected adolescents only;
• Provides services to adolescents and young adults at ATN sites or one of their community partners;
• Ability to understand spoken English; and
• For Phase 2 only: prior participation in Phase 1.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Intoxicated or under the influence of alcohol or other substances at the time of consent;
• Visibly distraught and/or visibly emotionally unstable (i.e., exhibiting suicidal, homicidal, or violent behavior) and in the opinion of the protocol chair would interfere with the ability to give true informed consent; and
• For Phase 3 only: prior participation in Phase 1 or 2 of this study.

ATN-affiliated clinicians (including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) who EITHER 1) provide care for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adolescents OR 2) provide care to HIV-infected adolescents only.