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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Hohenheim | OTHER |
| Universidad de Costa Rica | OTHER |
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The goal of this study is to determine if papaya fruits are an exceptionally good food source for carotenoids in humans, particularly when compared more common carotenoid sources like carrots and tomatoes. This objective will be accomplished by quantitation of the immediate post-prandial plasma concentrations of parent carotenoids and vitamin A metabolites from subjects who consumed a meal containing fresh papaya, tomato, and carrot.
The main purpose of this study is comparing bioavailability of papaya carotenoids versus carrot and tomato carotenoids. Previously, vitamin A deposition in rat livers was studied, showing that carotenoid bioavailability from papaya is higher than from spinach, parsley and carrots. Detailed knowledge about human carotenoid absorption and conversion from papaya fruit compared to other food sources is still lacking.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papaya-Carrot-Tomato | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato. |
|
| Papaya-Tomato-Carrot | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot |
|
| Tomato-Papaya-Carrot | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot |
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| Tomato-Carrot-Papaya | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya |
|
| Carrot-Papaya-Tomato | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papaya | Other | Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetics of Carotenoid Absorption From Papaya, Carrot and Tomato | The primary goal of this research is to investigate whether papaya can deliver increased quantities of carotenoids when compared to carrot and tomato. An area under the curve for concentration of carotenoids (from triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction of plasma) over time will be determined to quantify absorption, after subjects consume a meal containing papaya, carrot or tomato. | 8 post-prandial blood samples over 9.5 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Steven J Schwartz, Ph.D. | Ohio State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Ohio State University | Columbus | Ohio | 43210 | United States | ||
| University of Costa Rica |
Sixteen healthy, non-pregnant, non-smoking participants (21-44 y) were enrolled after checking eligibility, which was based on a questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included any history of chronic gastrointestinal disease, use of medications affecting lipid metabolism, regular use of carotenoid-containing supplements and frequent alcohol consumption.
Recruitment was carried out at the University of Costa Rica during June 2011 - August 2011.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Papaya-Carrot-Tomato | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Carrot 3. Tomato. Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| FG001 | Papaya-Tomato-Carrot | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Papaya 2. Tomato 3. Carrot Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| FG002 | Tomato-Papaya-Carrot | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Papaya 3. Carrot Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| FG003 | Tomato-Carrot-Papaya | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Tomato 2. Carrot 3. Papaya Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| FG004 | Carrot-Papaya-Tomato | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Papaya 3. Tomato Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| FG005 | Carrot-Tomato-Papaya | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya Papaya: Post-prandial study feeding 400-506 g papaya (1.6 mg beta-carotene, 2.1 mg beta-cryptoxanthin, 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Carrot: Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. Tomato: Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | All Groups (Average) | All study participants |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Median |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Pharmacokinetics of Carotenoid Absorption From Papaya, Carrot and Tomato | The primary goal of this research is to investigate whether papaya can deliver increased quantities of carotenoids when compared to carrot and tomato. An area under the curve for concentration of carotenoids (from triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction of plasma) over time will be determined to quantify absorption, after subjects consume a meal containing papaya, carrot or tomato. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | nmol*h/L | 8 post-prandial blood samples over 9.5 hours |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | All Groups | All groups in study |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Ralf Schweiggert | University of Hohenheim | 0049-711-459-22995 | ralf.schweiggert@uni-hohenheim.de |
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| Carrot-Tomato-Papaya | Experimental | Test meals were consumed in the following order: 1. Carrot 2. Tomato 3. Papaya |
|
| Carrot | Other | Post-prandial study feeding 25-35 g carrot (= 1.6 mg beta-carotene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
|
| Tomato | Other | Post-prandial study feeding 256-396 g tomato (= 13 mg lycopene), 150 g yogurt (10% fat), and 45 g of fat free bread. |
|
| San José |
| Costa Rica |
| years |
|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Beta-Carotene Absorption From Carrot |
| OG003 | Lycopene Absorption From Papaya |
| OG004 | Lycopene Absorption From Tomato |
|
|
| 0 |
| 16 |
| 0 |
| 16 |
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