Comparison of Effectiveness of Nasal CPAP and Nasal IMV in Early Rescue Surfactant Treatment in Preterm Infants

The investigators aimed to compare the efficacy of nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in early rescue surfactant treatment in preterm infants.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Gestational age 26-32 weeks

The criteria for failure were met by at least 1 of the following:

• pH: 7.10 and PaCO2: 70 mm Hg
• Recurrent apnea with >3 episodes (Prophylactic caffeine were used in all infants)
• Single episode of apnea that required bag-and-mask ventilation
• PaO2: 50 mmHg with a fraction of inspired oxygen of >0.5.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Major congenital anomalies
• Presence of cardiovascular instability
• Intubation at admission to the NICU
• Consent not provided or refused