Reviewing Spanish record of myelodysplastic syndromes (RESMD) data base in the group of patients with MDS. The information will be collected retrospectively from diagnosis of MDS, until the date of December 31, 2011.

Review of RESMD data base in the group of patients with MDS from diagnosis of low risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and occurrence of anemia that began treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESAs) / support transfusional before December 31, 2011. In all cases, data obtained will be prior to the date of the start of the study to ensure its retrospective nature, thus reflecting the routine use of erythropoietic agents in clinical and non-interference in the doctor's clinical practice.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The patient has given consent to the collection of data in the RESMD.
• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Patient must be diagnosed with MDS according to WHO classifications or FAB low-risk (IPSS low and intermediate-1) with anemia (Hb ≤ 11 g / dL).
• The patient has studies at the time of diagnosis discard the possibility that MDS anemia is due to deficiency of factors (iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid).
• Initiation of treatment with ESAs or support transfusional at any spanish hematology service before December 31, 2011.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pretreatment of SMD with hypomethylating agents, lenalidomide, chemotherapy, other.

Patients diagnosed with MDS according to WHO classifications or FAB low-risk (IPSS low and intermediate-1) with anemia (Hb ≤ 11 g / dL) and treatment (support / ESA) started before December 31, 2011.