Phenotyping is an approach largely used for the evaluation of the activity of cytochromes and transporters in vivo. It consists of the administration of probe substances metabolised by a specific cytochrome or transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) for example, followed by the determination of a metabolic ratio or the evaluation of the plasmatic or urinary concentrations of the probe substances. The administration of a cocktail containing several probe substances allows the simultaneous evaluation of the activity of several cytochromes and P-gp in a single test.

The aim of this project is the validation of a phenotyping cocktail of low dose probe drugs for the assessment of cytochrome P450 and P-gp activities by simple capillary blood sampling and dried blood spot (DBS) analysis. The cocktail consists of caffeine, bupropion, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, midazolam and fexofenadine for the simultaneous phenotyping of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CAP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and P-gp, respectively.

The modulation of the activity of cytochromes or P-gp will be evaluated by the administration of inhibitors (fluvoxamine, voriconazole, quinidine) or inducer (rifampicin) of the metabolic pathways or the P-gp mediated transport.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy male volunteers aged from 18 to 60 years
• BMI between 18 and 25
• Understanding of French language and able to give a written inform consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoker
• Taking drugs which alter CYPs activity
• Renal or hepatic impairment
• Medical history of porphyria
• Medical history of chronic alcoholism or abuse of psychoactive drugs
• Liver transplantation
• Sensitivity to any of the drugs used
• Wearing contact lenses (risk of coloration with rifampicin)
• ECG showing long QT interval (>0.46sec)
• Alteration of hepatic tests
• Presenting genetic polymorphism of poor CYP 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 metabolisers