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The study purpose is to determine the safety and efficacy of a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen (calcineurin inhibitor free) with alemtuzumab or rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction and early glucocorticoid withdrawal (CSWD) and a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen with tacrolimus-based regimen with rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction and early glucocorticoid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients.
The hypothesis is that a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen with alemtuzumab induction, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/mycophenolic acid (MPA), and early glucocorticoid withdrawal (Group A) in renal transplant recipients or Belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen with rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction, MMF/MPA and early glucocorticoid withdrawal (Group B) will lead to less risk of graft loss, patient death, or reduced renal function at 12 months as compared to a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen with rabbit antithymocyte globulin, MMF/MPA, and early glucocorticoid withdrawal in renal transplant recipients (Group C).
Renal transplant is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. It provides improved survival and quality of life. Maintenance of a functioning renal transplant mandates lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent immune destruction of the graft. Current immunosuppressive regimens yield 1-year survival rates of 89% for cadaveric and 94% for living-donor grafts. Over time, however, there is progressive loss of both subjects and grafts. Five-year graft survival for cadaveric and living related donor renal transplants is 67% and 80%, respectively.
The most common causes of long-term subject and graft loss in kidney transplant recipients are cardiovascular disease and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), respectively. Paradoxically, the principal immunosuppressive therapies for renal transplant, the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus, directly contribute to long-term allograft loss and subject death, since they are inherently nephrotoxic and can cause or exacerbate cardiovascular risks including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus.
There is, therefore, a substantial unmet medical need for new therapies in renal transplant that can provide short-term subject and graft survival comparable to the CNIs without their long-term nephrotoxic, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects. Because belatacept can be administered at the time of engraftment rather than in a delayed fashion, as is frequently necessary with CNIs - especially in those allografts with initial impaired renal function-- it affords immunosuppression in a timely manner. Unlike CNIs, the targeted mechanism of action of belatacept should provide immunosuppression without nephrotoxicity or adverse effects on the cardiovascular/metabolic profile.
Glucocorticoids have been a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy for six decades. Although glucocorticoids provide potent suppression of allo-immune responses in humans, their adverse effects including infection, diabetes, weight gain, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, bone disease, dermal thinning, collagen loss in multiple tissues, and cataracts, combined with a lack of available therapeutic monitoring all argue against their continued use in transplantation.
Belatacept represents a potential new treatment option for renal transplant recipients, which addresses the current unmet need for an immunosuppressive treatment that provides short-term outcomes comparable to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) with the potential to avoid their renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic toxicities. However, the initial Phase 3 studies exhibited in higher rate of acute rejection and malignancy. The malignancies were associated with recipients who were EBV negative at the time of transplant. All EBV negative patients are precluded from treatment with Belatacept. Due to the limitations of Phase 3 trial designs and the required use of basilixumab induction, it is intuitive that the addition of a potent t cell depleting induction agent may decrease the overall acute rejection rate in patients treated with belatacept.
The current study tests these assumptions with the following immunosuppressive regimens. Group A and B consist of potent T-cell depleting induction agents combined with belatacept. Group C represents the most common immunosuppressive regimen currently utilized in the United States. Each of these regimens include early withdrawal of glucocorticoids along with maintenance mycophenolate mofetil.
Based upon the totality of available evidence, the current study offers a favorable benefit/risk profile to study subjects, and the potential to continue to provide important data for the development of new immunosuppressive regimens that address important unmet needs.
The proposed Phase 4 study is designed to determine whether belatacept, in combination with other immunosuppressive agents (rabbit antithymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab, mycophenolate mofetil/EC mycophenolate sodium), may provide acceptable efficacy and safety in de novo kidney transplant recipients, in a regimen that provides simultaneous CNI freedom and early CSWD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Alemtuzumab + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids |
|
| Group B | Experimental | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids |
|
| Group C | Active Comparator | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alemtuzumab | Drug | Alemtuzumab will be dosed on day of transplant (Study Day 1) at dose of 30 mg given intravenously (IV) over a period of 2 hours after induction of anesthesia. Methylprednisolone IV will be administered 30-60 minutes prior to the administration of alemtuzumab. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| # Patients With Composite Endpoint of Experiencing Either Death, Graft Loss, or eGFR < 45ml/Min | Number of Patients that experienced patient Death or Graft Loss or had an estimated GFR (eGFR) (MDRD) < 45 mL/min | 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| # Patients Experiencing a Graft Loss But Not Including Patients Who Died With Functioning Graft (Death-censored Graft Loss) | Number of patient who experienced Graft loss, not including (censored) patients who lost graft due to death | 24 months |
| # Patients With Composite Endpoint of Either Experiencing Death, Graft Loss, or eGFR < 45ml/Min at 24 Months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Requirement of T-cell Depleting Therapy for Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection (BPAR) | Number of patients requiring anti-lymphocyte therapy for the treatment of BPAR rejection | 24 months |
| New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation (NODAT) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Patient has previously received an organ transplant other than a kidney.
Patient is receiving an human leucocyte antigen (HLA) identical living donor transplant.
Patient who is a recipient of a multiple organ transplant.
Patient has a most recent cytotoxic panel reactive antibody (PRA) of >25% or calculated PRA of > 50% where multiple moderate level HLA antibodies exist and in the opinion of the PI represents substantial HLA sensitization.
Patient with a positive T or B cell crossmatch that is primarily due to HLA antibodies.
Patient with a donor specific antibody (DSA) as deemed by the local PI to be associated with significant risk of rejection.
Patient has received a blood group (ABO) incompatible donor kidney.
The donor and/or donor kidney meet any of the following extended criteria for organ donation (ECD):
Donor age >/= 60 years OR
Donor age 50-59 years and 1 of the following:
Cold ischemia time (CIT) > 24 hours, donor age > 10 years OR
Donation after cardiac death (DCD)
Recipients will be receiving a dual or en bloc kidney transplant.
Donor anticipated cold ischemia is > 30 hours.
Recipient that is seropositive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with detectable Hepatitis C viral load are excluded. HCV seropositive patients with a negative HCV viral load testing may be included.
Recipients who are Hepatitis B core antibody seropositive are eligible if their hepatitis B viral loads are negative. After transplant, their hepatitis B viral loads will be monitored every three months for the first year after transplant. If hepatitis B viral loads become positive, patients will be treated per institutional standard of care.
Patients who are Hepatitis B surface antibody seropositive and who receive a kidney from a Hepatitis B core surface antibody positive donor may be included.
Recipient or donor is known to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Recipient who is seronegative for Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Patient has uncontrolled concomitant infection or any other unstable medical condition that could interfere with the study objectives.
Patients with thrombocytopenia (PLT < 75,000/mm3), and/or leucopoenia (WBC < 2,000/mm3), or anemia (hemoglobin < 6 g/dL) prior to study inclusion.
Patient is taking or has been taking an investigational drug in the 30 days prior to transplant.
Patient who has undergone desensitization therapy within 6 months prior to transplant.
Patient has a known hypersensitivity to belatacept, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, alemtuzumab, rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin, or glucocorticoids.
Patient is receiving chronic steroid therapy at the time of transplant.
Patients with a history of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cell cancers cured by local resection) within the last 5 years, unless they have an expected disease free survival of > 95%.
Patient is pregnant, where pregnancy is defined as the state of a female after conception and until the termination of gestation, confirmed by positive human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) laboratory test.
Women of childbearing potential must use reliable contraception simultaneously, unless they are status post bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy.
Patient has any form of substance abuse, psychiatric disorder or a condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may invalidate communication with the investigator.
Inability to cooperate or communicate with the investigator.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| E. Steve Woodle, MD | University of Cincinnati | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California Pacific Medical Center | San Francisco | California | 94107 | United States | ||
| University of Colorado Denver |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40704545 | Derived | Pyatt A, McGowan M, Tanaka R, Miyagawa B, Mizuno T, Shields AR, Christianson A, West-Thielke P, Leone JP, Woodle ES, Kaufman D, Wiseman A, Matas AJ, Vinks AA, Alloway RR. Belatacept Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Belatacept Early Steroid Withdrawal Trial (BEST) to Clinical Outcomes and Compared With Reported BENEFIT and BENEFIT-EXT Pharmacokinetic Analysis. Clin Transplant. 2025 Aug;39(8):e70172. doi: 10.1111/ctr.70172. | |
| 34233921 |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Group A | Alemtuzumab + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids Alemtuzumab: Alemtuzumab will be dosed on day of transplant (Study Day 1) at dose of 30 mg given intravenously (IV) over a period of 2 hours after induction of anesthesia. Methylprednisolone IV will be administered 30-60 minutes prior to the administration of alemtuzumab. Belatacept: Belatacept will be administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA approved dosage recommendations. Subjects randomized to belatacept arms will receive the first dose of IV belatacept (10 mg/kg) within 12-24 hours post reperfusion. The second dose will be given between post-transplant days 4 -6 (Study Days 5-7), and then study days 14, 28, 56, and 84 (12 weeks) and then subjects will receive belatacept at the maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks until completion of the trial at 24 months (104 weeks). Study Day 1 is the day of transplant. |
| FG001 | Group B | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Belatacept: Belatacept is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA label. |
| FG002 | Group C | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Tacrolimus: Tacrolimus will be administered orally twice daily (BID). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Group A | Alemtuzumab + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids Alemtuzumab: Alemtuzumab will be dosed on day of transplant (Study Day 1) at dose of 30 mg given intravenously (IV) over a period of 2 hours after induction of anesthesia. Methylprednisolone IV will be administered 30-60 minutes prior to the administration of alemtuzumab. Belatacept: Belatacept will be administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA approved dosage recommendations. Subjects randomized to belatacept arms will receive the first dose of IV belatacept (10 mg/kg) within 12-24 hours post reperfusion. The second dose will be given between post-transplant days 4 -6 (Study Days 5-7), and then study days 14, 28, 56, and 84 (12 weeks) and then subjects will receive belatacept at the maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks until completion of the trial at 24 months (104 weeks). Study Day 1 is the day of transplant. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | # Patients With Composite Endpoint of Experiencing Either Death, Graft Loss, or eGFR < 45ml/Min | Number of Patients that experienced patient Death or Graft Loss or had an estimated GFR (eGFR) (MDRD) < 45 mL/min | Intent to treat analysis | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 months |
|
Adverse event data was collected in every patient over a 2 year time period.
The definition used for serious adverse events were the same as the standard definition. The definition for adverse events differed only in that the adverse events that were related to immunosuppression were captured and any adverse events of special interest in the study.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Group A | Alemtuzumab + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids Alemtuzumab: Alemtuzumab will be dosed on day of transplant (Study Day 1) at dose of 30 mg given intravenously (IV) over a period of 2 hours after induction of anesthesia. Methylprednisolone IV will be administered 30-60 minutes prior to the administration of alemtuzumab. Belatacept: Belatacept will be administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA approved dosage recommendations. Subjects randomized to belatacept arms will receive the first dose of IV belatacept (10 mg/kg) within 12-24 hours post reperfusion. The second dose will be given between post-transplant days 4 -6 (Study Days 5-7), and then study days 14, 28, 56, and 84 (12 weeks) and then subjects will receive belatacept at the maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks until completion of the trial at 24 months (104 weeks). Study Day 1 is the day of transplant. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular event | Cardiac disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematologic events | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rita R. Alloway, Pharm.D., Director of Clinical Trials | University of Cincinnati | 513-558-1568 | rita.alloway@uc.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 20, 2015 | Aug 27, 2020 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074323 | Alemtuzumab |
| C512542 | thymoglobulin |
| D000069594 | Abatacept |
| D016559 | Tacrolimus |
| D009173 | Mycophenolic Acid |
| D011241 | Prednisone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D061067 | Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized |
| D000911 | Antibodies, Monoclonal |
| D000906 | Antibodies |
| D007136 | Immunoglobulins |
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|
| rabbit antithymocyte globulin | Drug | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. |
|
|
| Belatacept | Drug | Belatacept will be administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA approved dosage recommendations. Subjects randomized to belatacept arms will receive the first dose of IV belatacept (10 mg/kg) within 12-24 hours post reperfusion. The second dose will be given between post-transplant days 4 -6 (Study Days 5-7), and then study days 14, 28, 56, and 84 (12 weeks) and then subjects will receive belatacept at the maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks until completion of the trial at 24 months (104 weeks). Study Day 1 is defined as the day of transplant. |
|
|
| Tacrolimus | Drug | Tacrolimus will be administered orally twice daily (BID). The recommended total initial dose of tacrolimus is 0.1 mg/kg/day in two divided doses orally. Tacrolimus should be started post-transplant within 48 hours or when serum creatinine drops lower than 4mg/dL, whichever comes first. The initial targeted trough level of tacrolimus will be 8 - 12 ng/mL for Days 1 through 30, with dose reduction to achieve a 12-hour trough target of 5 - 10 ng/mL thereafter. |
|
|
| Mycophenolate mofetil | Drug | The first dose of mycophenolate mofetil/EC mycophenolate sodium will be administered pre-operatively. Patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil will be dosed 1000 mg twice daily (2000mg/day). Patients receiving EC mycophenolate sodium will be dosed 720 mg twice daily (1440 mg/day). Dose may be increased for African American transplant recipients to mycophenolate mofetil 1500 mg twice daily (3000mg/day) or EC mycophenolate sodium 1080 mg twice daily (2160 mg/day). |
|
|
| early cessation of steroids | Drug | Glucocorticoid therapy will be administered as described. Methylprednisolone will be administered on Days 1 through 3. Additional tapering doses of glucocorticoids will continue to be given until Day 5 as below: Day 1 (day of transplant): 500mg IV prior to alemtuzumab (Group A) or rabbit antithymocyte globulin (Groups B and C) Day 2: 250mg IV Day 3: 125mg IV Day 4: 80mg p.o. Day 5: 60mg p.o. No further steroids |
|
|
Composite Endpoint of number of patients who experienced either patient death, allograft loss, or had an eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73m2 |
| 24 months |
| eGFR (MRDRD) < 45 ml/Min/1.73m2 | Patients with reduced Renal function measured by estimated GFR MDRD < 45 ml/min at 24 months | 24 months |
| Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection | Incidence of all biopsy proven acute rejection whether clinically relevant or clinically silent. | 24 months |
| Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection | Biopsy proven acute cellular rejection (BPACR) | 24 months |
| Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection | Incidence of patients experiencing a Biopsy proven acute antibody mediated rejection (BPAMR) | 24 months |
| Biopsy Proven Mixed Acute Rejection | Incidence of patients experiencing a Biopsy proven acute cellular rejection with either DSA positive or C4d staining positive indicating antibody rejection | 24 months |
| # of Patients Developing Denovo Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) Post-transplant | Number of patients (%) with development of denovo DSA after transplant | 24 months |
| Mean eGFR (MDRD) (ml/Min/1.73m2) | Mean eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73m2) measured for all patients reaching 2 year endpoint | 24 months |
| Proteinuria UPC Ratio > 0.8 | Number of Patients with a Urine protein/creatinine (UPC) ratio > 0.8 | 24 months |
| Patient Death | Number of Patients who experienced death, all causes | 24 months |
Number of patients developing New Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplant by one of 5 definitions; only patients without preexisting diabetes were included
| 24 months |
| Time to First BPAR | Mean Time to first episode of BPAR (days) | 24 months |
| # Patients Experiencing a First Biopsy-proven ACR With Severity Banff > or = 2a Grade | Number of patients with their First BPACR with a Banff grade >= Banff 2a using the Banff 2007 classification system for biopsy grading. Banff grade 2a and above is considered severe cellular rejection and includes grades of Banff 2a, Banff 2b, and Banff 3. | 24 months |
| Delayed Graft Function | Number of patients experiencing Delayed graft function (DGF) within first week after transplant. DGF is defined as need for dialysis within the first week after transplant. | 24 months |
| Leukopenia (WBC < 2000/mm3) | Number of patients developing leukopenia defined as WBC < 2000/mm3 | 24 months |
| Steroid Therapy | Number of patients on treatment with corticosteroids at 2 years | 24 months |
| Discontinuation of Mycophenolate | Number of patients who were discontinued from mycophenolate treatment at 2 years | 24 months |
| Discontinuation of Study Treatment (Belatacept or Tacrolimus) | Number of patients who had to Discontinue study treatment (belatacept or tacrolimus) at 2 years | 24 months |
| Denver |
| Colorado |
| 80045 |
| United States |
| Tampa General Hospital | Tampa | Florida | 33606 | United States |
| University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago | Chicago | Illinois | 60612 | United States |
| University of Minnesota | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 55455 | United States |
| The Christ Hospital | Cincinnati | Ohio | 45219 | United States |
| University of Cincinnati | Cincinnati | Ohio | 45219 | United States |
| University of Wisconsin-Madison | Madison | Wisconsin | 53792 | United States |
| Derived |
| Kaufman DB, Woodle ES, Shields AR, Leone J, Matas A, Wiseman A, West-Thielke P, Sa T, King EC, Alloway RR; BEST Study Group. Belatacept for Simultaneous Calcineurin Inhibitor and Chronic Corticosteroid Immunosuppression Avoidance: Two-Year Results of a Prospective, Randomized Multicenter Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Sep;16(9):1387-1397. doi: 10.2215/CJN.13100820. Epub 2021 Jul 7. |
| 31415033 | Derived | Castro-Rojas CM, Godarova A, Shi T, Hummel SA, Shields A, Tremblay S, Alloway RR, Jordan MB, Woodle ES, Hildeman DA. mTOR Inhibitor Therapy Diminishes Circulating CD8+ CD28- Effector Memory T Cells and Improves Allograft Inflammation in Belatacept-refractory Renal Allograft Rejection. Transplantation. 2020 May;104(5):1058-1069. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002917. |
| BG001 | Group B | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Belatacept: Belatacept is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA label |
| BG002 | Group C | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Tacrolimus: Tacrolimus will be administered orally twice daily (BID). |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| # Patients with Pre-existing Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) | Patients who have the presence of a donor specific antibody (DSA) at the time of their transplant (baseline) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) % | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage |
|
| Repeat Transplant | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Living related donor | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Living unrelated donor | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Deceased donor | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Pre-emptive transplant | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) High Risk status (D+/R-) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Pre-existing diabetes mellitus | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG001 | Group B | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Belatacept: Belatacept is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA label |
| OG002 | Group C | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Tacrolimus: Tacrolimus will be administered orally twice daily (BID). |
|
|
| Secondary | # Patients Experiencing a Graft Loss But Not Including Patients Who Died With Functioning Graft (Death-censored Graft Loss) | Number of patient who experienced Graft loss, not including (censored) patients who lost graft due to death | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | # Patients With Composite Endpoint of Either Experiencing Death, Graft Loss, or eGFR < 45ml/Min at 24 Months | Composite Endpoint of number of patients who experienced either patient death, allograft loss, or had an eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73m2 | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | eGFR (MRDRD) < 45 ml/Min/1.73m2 | Patients with reduced Renal function measured by estimated GFR MDRD < 45 ml/min at 24 months | Intent to Treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection | Incidence of all biopsy proven acute rejection whether clinically relevant or clinically silent. | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection | Biopsy proven acute cellular rejection (BPACR) | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection | Incidence of patients experiencing a Biopsy proven acute antibody mediated rejection (BPAMR) | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Biopsy Proven Mixed Acute Rejection | Incidence of patients experiencing a Biopsy proven acute cellular rejection with either DSA positive or C4d staining positive indicating antibody rejection | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | # of Patients Developing Denovo Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) Post-transplant | Number of patients (%) with development of denovo DSA after transplant | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean eGFR (MDRD) (ml/Min/1.73m2) | Mean eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73m2) measured for all patients reaching 2 year endpoint | Intent to treat | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | ml/min/1.73m2 | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Proteinuria UPC Ratio > 0.8 | Number of Patients with a Urine protein/creatinine (UPC) ratio > 0.8 | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Patient Death | Number of Patients who experienced death, all causes | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Requirement of T-cell Depleting Therapy for Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection (BPAR) | Number of patients requiring anti-lymphocyte therapy for the treatment of BPAR rejection | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation (NODAT) | Number of patients developing New Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplant by one of 5 definitions; only patients without preexisting diabetes were included | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Time to First BPAR | Mean Time to first episode of BPAR (days) | Intent to treat | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | # Patients Experiencing a First Biopsy-proven ACR With Severity Banff > or = 2a Grade | Number of patients with their First BPACR with a Banff grade >= Banff 2a using the Banff 2007 classification system for biopsy grading. Banff grade 2a and above is considered severe cellular rejection and includes grades of Banff 2a, Banff 2b, and Banff 3. | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Delayed Graft Function | Number of patients experiencing Delayed graft function (DGF) within first week after transplant. DGF is defined as need for dialysis within the first week after transplant. | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Leukopenia (WBC < 2000/mm3) | Number of patients developing leukopenia defined as WBC < 2000/mm3 | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Steroid Therapy | Number of patients on treatment with corticosteroids at 2 years | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Discontinuation of Mycophenolate | Number of patients who were discontinued from mycophenolate treatment at 2 years | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Discontinuation of Study Treatment (Belatacept or Tacrolimus) | Number of patients who had to Discontinue study treatment (belatacept or tacrolimus) at 2 years | Intent to treat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24 months |
|
|
|
| 2 |
| 107 |
| 58 |
| 107 |
| 91 |
| 107 |
| EG001 | Group B | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + belatacept + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Belatacept: Belatacept is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion according to the FDA label | 4 | 104 | 66 | 104 | 90 | 104 |
| EG002 | Group C | Rabbit antithymocyte globulin + tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil /Enteric coated (EC) mycophenolate sodium + early cessation of steroids rabbit antithymocyte globulin: Rabbit antithymocyte globulin will be dosed post-operatively at a total cumulative dose of 4.0-6.0mg/kg given by days 5-10 post-transplant. It will be administered by local standards of care with the following recommendations. The initial intravenous intra-operative dose will be administered approximately one hour after the methylprednisolone dose. The first dose will be administered so that approximately 25% of the dose is infused prior to revascularization of the graft. Subsequent doses will be administered over a minimum of 4 hours. Premedication with acetaminophen 650mg p.o. and diphenhydramine 25mg p.o. prior to rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose will be given to reduce the incidence of infusion reactions. Tacrolimus: Tacrolimus will be administered orally twice daily (BID). | 1 | 105 | 62 | 105 | 92 | 105 |
| Infection Requiring Hospitalization | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment | all infections which required for participant to be hospitalized. |
|
| Renal dysfunction resulting in hospitalization | Renal and urinary disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Malignancy | Immune system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| PTLD | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Nausea/vomiting or GI requiring hospitalization | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Mental status changes or neurological AE's | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Leukopenia WBC < 2000/mm3 | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Anemia (Hg < 7gm/dL) | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Thrombocytopenia (PLT < 50,000/mm3) | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Gastrointestinal events | Gastrointestinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Nephrotoxicity events | Renal and urinary disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Neurologic events | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Electrolyte/metabolic events | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Wound healing | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Musculoskeletal/Bone events | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| D007162 |
| Immunoproteins |
| D001798 | Blood Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D012712 | Serum Globulins |
| D005916 | Globulins |
| D018796 | Immunoconjugates |
| D018942 | Macrolides |
| D007783 | Lactones |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D002208 | Caproates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D011244 | Pregnadienediols |
| D011245 | Pregnadienes |
| D011278 | Pregnanes |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |