Get a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes of acute respiratory failure following cardiopulmonary bypass to initiate timely therapies targeted on a cell line.

Demonstrate that there is a relationship between increased transpulmonary gradients of inflammation biomarkers (sRAGE, sICAM-1, SPB, PAI-1, ROS) and pulmonary vascular resistance on the one hand and alveolo-capillary gas exchange on the other hand after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient man or woman > 18 y.o.

• Patient has signed informed consent prior to the study

• Patient affiliated to a social security administration

• Patient operated on for cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Strasbourg.

• Patient at high risk for postoperative respiratory failure defined by a SLIP score (Kor et al.) ≥ 22 Kor:

  • High-risk cardiac intervention under cardiopulmonary bypass (19 pts)
  • COPD (10 pts)
  • Diabetes (6 pts)
  • gastroesophageal reflux (7 pts)
  • Alcohol abuse (11 pts)

• Scheduled use of a pulmonary artery catheter and a left atrial catheter

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to obtain informed consent from the patient and / or unable to give informed patient information (difficulty understanding ...)
• Urgent surgery (<24h)
• Acute heart failure
• Patient ventilated preoperatively
• Allergy to Latex
• Persons deprived of liberty or under judicial protection
• Patient placed under guardianship
• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding

Recruitment concerns only patients with high risk of postoperative respiratory failure (SLIP score > 22).