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A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of text reminders sent to ACT users through an automated text messaging system short-message-system.
Study hypothesis: text message reminders increase adherence
A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of text reminders sent to ACT users through an automated text messaging system short-message-system. Patients were enrolled at clinics and pharmacies upon receipt of ACTs and enrolled in the automated system for 3 days.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Patients in the control arm only got a generic health message at the end of the study. | |
| Short Message | Active Comparator | Patients in this arm receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
|
| Long message | Active Comparator | Patients in this arm receive six long text message reminders (reminders including justification for why patients should finish medication) within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text message reminders | Behavioral | Patients in the two treatment arms receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals to remind them to take their malaria medication as prescribed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported Adherence to Artemisinin-combination Therapy (ACT) Treatment | Percentage of participants completing full ACT treatment regimen 70 hours after treatment initiation. Subjects were visited at home, and asked to report when each of the prescribed six doses were taken. Adherence was defined as the (self-reported) completion of all six doses. | 70 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
-subjects acquiring ACTs in Tamale, Ghana
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gunther Fink, PhD | Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study site | Tamale | Northern Region | Ghana |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25350546 | Derived | Raifman JR, Lanthorn HE, Rokicki S, Fink G. The impact of text message reminders on adherence to antimalarial treatment in northern Ghana: a randomized trial. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 28;9(10):e109032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109032. eCollection 2014. |
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Only subjects from the Tamale area with cell phones were included.
Subjects were recruited at all private and public facilities distributing Artemisinin-combination Therapies (ACTs).
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control | Control group participants received only a message after five days informing them about the importance of using bed nets for malaria. No reminders to take ACTs were sent. |
| FG001 | Short Message | Patients in this arm receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
| FG002 | Long Message | Patients in this arm receive six long text message reminders (reminders including justification for why patients should finish medication) within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control | Patients in this group received only a generic malaria information message (use bed nets) at the end of the study. |
| BG001 | Short Message | Patients in this arm receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Age is reported for the sick person in the household, which includes children in the care of adults, who were enrolled in the study and who received the message treatments. |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Self-reported Adherence to Artemisinin-combination Therapy (ACT) Treatment | Percentage of participants completing full ACT treatment regimen 70 hours after treatment initiation. Subjects were visited at home, and asked to report when each of the prescribed six doses were taken. Adherence was defined as the (self-reported) completion of all six doses. | The number of subjects analyzed is smaller than the number of subjects enrolled due to missing data on adherence. A total of 30 observations were lost due to missing information on adherence - 16 in the control group, 9 in the short message group, and 5 in the long message group. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of participants | 70 hours |
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Adverse effects were restricted to the 3 days monitoring period.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control | Patients in this group received only a generic malaria message at the end of the study. |
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Main outcome is self-reported adherence. Study was restricted to urban population with mobile phone ownership.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr Günther Fink | Harvard School of Public Health | 6174327389 | gfink@hsph.harvard.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008288 | Malaria |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011528 | Protozoan Infections |
| D010272 | Parasitic Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D000096724 | Mosquito-Borne Diseases |
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| BG002 | Long Message | Patients in this arm receive six long text message reminders (reminders including justification for why patients should finish medication) within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Count of Participants |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Age reflects age of the patient. For patients of age 18 and younger, caregivers were enrolled and interviewed and thus primary study subjects. | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Short Message | Patients in this arm receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
| OG002 | Long Message | Patients in this arm receive six long text message reminders (reminders including justification for why patients should finish medication) within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. |
|
|
| 0 |
| 554 |
| 0 |
| 554 |
| EG001 | Short Message | Patients in this arm receive six short text message reminders within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. | 0 | 277 | 0 | 277 |
| EG002 | Long Message | Patients in this arm receive six long text message reminders (reminders including justification for why patients should finish medication) within 60 hours of treatment initiation at 12 hour intervals. | 0 | 309 | 0 | 309 |
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| D000079426 |
| Vector Borne Diseases |