The proposed study will investigate the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on neural activity associated with social and non-social motivation.

Oxytocin is a well-known social and reproductive hormone demonstrated to have a variety of prosocial effects in humans including enhancing trust and generosity, improving positive communication, increasing eye gaze, and reducing anxiety. Oxytocin is hypothesized to facilitate social behaviors via its modulation of motivational networks. With this study, we will characterize oxytocin's effects on the neural processing of salient stimuli. We will utilize a noninvasive brain imaging technique, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to assess brain activity while participants perform tests designed to engage neural circuits associated with the processing of social and non-social stimuli.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male
• 20-35 years of age at the time of screening
• Right-handedness
• Non-smoking
• No current or past history of neurological or psychiatric illness, including substance abuse or dependence
• No acute medical illness
• Written informed consent obtained from subject

Exclusion Criteria:

• Female
• Left-handedness or ambidextrous
• Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data
• Known allergies to oxytocin or to preservatives in the nasal spray
• Participants who exhibit nasal obstruction or upper-respiratory tract infection at the time of scanning or report the use of intranasally administered medications for up to two weeks prior to screening
• Participants unable to tolerate the scanning procedures or would be unfit for scanning purposes (e.g. metal implants, claustrophobic, unable to lie still for the duration of the scan)
• Any current or past history of medical, neurological, or psychiatric illness or family history of psychiatric or neurologic disease in first-degree relatives
• Neurological illness, abnormal MRI (except if due to technical factors)
• Acute or uncorrected medical illnesses, including history of hepatic or renal dysfunction.
• Participants currently taking medications including any treatment, current or past with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, isoniazid, glucocorticoids, psychostimulants and psychostimulant appetite suppressants, or centrally active antihypertensive drugs (e.g., clonidine, reserpine).
• Treatment within six months with any of the following: hormone use (testosterone, DHEA), antidepressants, opioid drugs.
• Treatment within one month with sedative hypnotic medications (benzodiazepines, barbiturates), or over the counter sleeping aids
• Current or past history of substance abuse or dependence
• Any reported lifetime use of any category of illicit drugs
• Positive urine drug screen

Subjects who completed Baseline Assessments prior to scanning.

Adverse event data was collected on each scanning day and 24 hours later (i.e. assessed at 4 different time points for each participant).

Serious adverse events were collected/assessed, but none were observed.