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The regulation of our food intake is on the short-term guided by appetite and satiety signals generated by the sight and consumption of food. Food intake is not only regulated by appetite and satiety signals - external cues also play an important role.
It has been observed that food intake and the pleasure derived from consumption is affected by manipulation of the external cues.
The investigators will assess the contribution of food anticipation (calorie information) and actual consumption of a test food (calorie intake) on in satiety responses (such as ghrelin responses, appetite and subsequent food intake). The investigators expect the information on the amount of calories, rather than the actual amount of calories in the food, to predict the ghrelin responses and the subsequent intake of a second meal.
In a randomized cross-over design with 4 conditions, all participants will consume twice the low-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) and twice the high-caloric food (again, once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) in a randomized order.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calorie information | Experimental | Low calorie yogurt High calorie yogurt with low calorie information sheet |
|
| Calorie information (high) | Experimental | Low calorie yogurt High calorie yogurt High calorie information sheet |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| low calorie yogurt | Behavioral | all participants consumed twice the low-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Food intake | 60 min (Ad libitum test meal after 1 hr) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum concentrations total ghrelin | 60 min (4 samples - every 20 min) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| appetite ratings | 80 min (5 samples - every 20 min) | |
| Serum cortisol concentrations | 60 min (4 samples - every 20 min) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pleunie Hogenkamp, PhD | Uppsala University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uppsala University | Uppsala | 75319 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23585292 | Derived | Hogenkamp PS, Cedernaes J, Chapman CD, Vogel H, Hjorth OC, Zarei S, Lundberg LS, Brooks SJ, Dickson SL, Benedict C, Schioth HB. Calorie anticipation alters food intake after low-caloric not high-caloric preloads. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Aug;21(8):1548-53. doi: 10.1002/oby.20293. Epub 2013 Apr 13. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
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| high calorie yogurt | Behavioral | all participants consumed twice the high-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) |
|
| D009748 |
| Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |