Lack of staff to enroll patients in this study

Donor-Specific Antibody (DSA) (HLA) levels and non-HLA antibody levels in recipients prior to living kidney transplantation and randomize these individuals into a desensitization protocol in order to evaluate shifts that can occur with the Luminex and XM-One assay after treatment and up to 6 months post transplant.

If desensitization is needed prior to transplantation in individuals with a negative crossmatch but positive DSA and/or XM-one - patients will be evaluated clinically with routine lab tests (serum creatinine levels, spot urine protein and spot urine creatinine levels) as well as protocol biopsy evaluations.

1. Rates of acute rejection including subclinical rejection - acute T cell mediated (cellular) rejection, antibody mediated acute rejection, and chronic antibody-associated injury (i.e.: Transplant Glomerulopathy, Chronic allograft arteriopathy) between the groups.
2. Evaluation of endothelial cell activation and injury on biopsies by checking markers for endothelial cell activation and injury (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1/CD54; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1/CD106; and E-selectin, ELAM-1/CD62E) in two-color stains of tissue with classical endothelial markers (CD34 and Factor VIII).
3. Measurement of serum/plasma levels of TNF-alpha and VEGF and decreased levels of protein C and protein S in the circulation, as an assessment of graft vascular perturbation.
4. Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs) will be measured by flow cytometry with markers for endothelial cell activation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recipients receiving deceased donor transplants.
• Living donor transplant that is T-cell flow crossmatch positive.
• HIV, Hepatitis C and B positive patients.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women and children will be excluded from the study.

Living donor kidney transplant recipients