Zero Heat Flux Thermometry System Comparison Trial

3M(TM)SpotOn(TM) Temperature Monitoring System Thermometry Trial

Nasopharyngeal and deep tissue temperatures will be measured simultaneously during surgery and compared for agreement. The hypothesis of this trial is that deep tissue temperature as measured by zero-heat-flux thermometry will agree with nasopharyngeal temperatures during surgery.

The core temperature of the body normally decreases in response to anesthesia. Deep tissue temperature can be used to estimate of body core temperature. Deep tissue temperature of the forehead will be measured using a new technology known as zero-heat-flux thermometry. The usual way to measure internal body temperature is within the nasal cavity (nasopharyngeal temperature). Nasopharyngeal and deep tissue temperatures will be measured simultaneously during surgery and compared for agreement. The hypothesis of this trial is that deep tissue temperature as measured by zero-heat-flux thermometry will agree with nasopharyngeal temperatures during surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Less than or equal to 17 years old
• patients undergoing surgery during which core temperature is estimated
• Willing to participate in trial
• Able to provide consent
• Adequate forehead surface area available for probe attachment
• Urology, orthopedic, or general abdominal surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Skin lesions at thermometer target site
• Infectious disease
• Bleeding disorder
• Prone intraoperative positioning anticipated
• Head and neck procedures
• Cardiothoracic procedures
• Tonsillectomy, cosmetic, or other brief surgical or nonsurgical procedures