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Hypothesis: Exercise will reduce morbidity and mortality rates in an elderly population. The extent of reduction will be intensity dependent.
Literature lacks large controlled randomized studies that look at the effect of exercise training on morbidity and mortality. Generation 100 will be the first randomized, controlled clinical study where the primary objective is to study the effects of exercise training on morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Furthermore, the researchers will investigate whether there is a relationship between the exercise intensity and health benefits, with particular focus on major health problems in the elderly population. In addition to being a study, this is also an initiative to improve public health in all healthy individuals between 70-75 years of age in the Trondheim municipality. The participants will either be randomized to supervised exercise or follow current guidelines for physical activity on their own. Clinical examinations, as well as questionnaires, will be administered to all participants at baseline, after one year, after three years, and after five years. Additionally, participants will be followed-up by linking to relevant registers for up to 20 years.
Also data will be collected with the purposes of (a) investigating genetic predisposition for fitness and cardiovascular diseases, and (b) identification of potential targets for therapies.
The study seeks to determine if exercise training gives the seniors a longer active and healthy life.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| high intensity aerobic training | Experimental | Exercise intervention: High intensity group performing high intensity training where they are required to raise their heart rate several times during the workout and reach perceived exhaustion of 16 on a Borg scale |
|
| Moderate intensity training | Other | Exercise intervention: Moderate intensity Group of people asked to perform moderate training where they exercise at a given intensity (moderate as per Borg scale) for a certain amount of time |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise intervention | Other | Group asked to perform exercise at a given moderate intensity for a set time |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality | using data from governmental registers | 5 years follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General measurements | resting blood pressure, resting fasting blood sample, resting heart rate, weight, height and waistline, body composition (muscle vs fat) questionnaires (activity, safety, monthly training diary) walking test, grip strength test, leg strength test, pulmonary function, physical activity level | 1 year follow up, 3 years follow up, 5 years follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive screening | Mini Mental Status (MMS) | 1 year follow up, 3 years follow up, 5 years follow ut |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ulrik Wisløff, Professor | Norwegian University of Science and Technology | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian University of Science and Technology | Trondheim | 7006 | Norway |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25678546 | Background | Stensvold D, Viken H, Rognmo O, Skogvoll E, Steinshamn S, Vatten LJ, Coombes JS, Anderssen SA, Magnussen J, Ingebrigtsen JE, Fiatarone Singh MA, Langhammer A, Stoylen A, Helbostad JL, Wisloff U. A randomised controlled study of the long-term effects of exercise training on mortality in elderly people: study protocol for the Generation 100 study. BMJ Open. 2015 Feb 12;5(2):e007519. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007519. | |
| 30113524 |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Generation 100 web page | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Exercise intervention | Other | High intensity exercise |
|
|
| Epigenetics | transcriptomics (messenger RNAs and microRNAs) and proteomics arrays, aimed at blood-borne factors induced by training. | 1 year follow up, 3 years follow up, 5 years follow up |
| Morbidity | Look at morbidity after 3 and 5 years follow up(i.e. cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc.) using medical records and link to the different health registers. | 3 and 5 years |
| Mortality and Morbidity | Look at morbidity after 10 year follow-up | 10 years |
| Background |
| Viken H, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Nauman J, Aspvik NP, Ingebrigtsen JE, Wisloff U, Stensvold D. Predictors of Dropout in Exercise Trials in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Jan;51(1):49-55. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001742. |
| 33028588 | Result | Stensvold D, Viken H, Steinshamn SL, Dalen H, Stoylen A, Loennechen JP, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Baekkerud FH, Tari AR, Sandbakk SB, Carlsen T, Ingebrigtsen JE, Lydersen S, Mattsson E, Anderssen SA, Fiatarone Singh MA, Coombes JS, Skogvoll E, Vatten LJ, Helbostad JL, Rognmo O, Wisloff U. Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults-the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2020 Oct 7;371:m3485. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3485. |
| 34746955 | Result | Letnes JM, Berglund I, Johnson KE, Dalen H, Nes BM, Lydersen S, Viken H, Hassel E, Steinshamn S, Vesterbekkmo EK, Stoylen A, Reitlo LS, Zisko N, Baekkerud FH, Tari AR, Ingebrigtsen JE, Sandbakk SB, Carlsen T, Anderssen SA, Singh MAF, Coombes JS, Helbostad JL, Rognmo O, Wisloff U, Stensvold D. Effect of 5 years of exercise training on the cardiovascular risk profile of older adults: the Generation 100 randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2022 Jun 1;43(21):2065-2075. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab721. |
| 41999477 | Derived | Reitlo LS, Pani J, Stensvold D, Wisloff U, Haberg AK. Long-Term Effects of a 5-Year Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial on Brain Volumes and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A 4-Year Post-Intervention Follow-Up Study. Sports Med. 2026 Apr 18. doi: 10.1007/s40279-026-02434-3. Online ahead of print. |
| 41936539 | Derived | Stene GB, Lequerica MJ, Stensvold D, Balstad TR, Lydersen S, Wisloff U, Helbostad JL. Effects of 5 Years of Aerobic Exercise on Sarcopenia in Older Adults-Secondary Outcomes of the Generation 100 Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2026 Apr;17(2):e70279. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.70279. |
| 41354893 | Derived | Bakken J, Brissach DE, Ingestrom EML, Midttun S, Walker TL, Stensvold D, Tari AR. Effects of 5-Year Exercise Training on Cognition in Older Adults: 10-Years Follow-Up from the Generation 100 Study. Sports Med Open. 2025 Dec 7;11(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00956-0. |
| 41330544 | Derived | LE AN, Lydersen S, Brissach DE, Haberg AK, Walker TL, Schaumberg M, Berg HH, Stensvold D, Tari AR. Longitudinal Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition in Older Adults: A 10-Year Follow-Up from the Generation 100 Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2026 Apr 1;58(4):704-712. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003903. Epub 2026 Mar 5. |
| 39932787 | Derived | Hallan SI, Ovrehus MA, Shlipak MG, Potok OA, Romundstad S, Aspvik NP, Wisloff U, Ix JH, Stensvold D, Langlo KA. Long-Term Physical Exercise for Preventing CKD in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Feb 11;36(7):1352-1362. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000636. |
| 39638222 | Derived | Tari AR, Brissach DE, Ingestrom EML, Nauman J, Tyrell T, Foster C, Radtke K, Porcari JP, Lydersen S, Kaminsky LA, Myers J, Walker TL, Coombes JS, Stensvold D, Wisloff U. Survival of the fittest? Peak oxygen uptake and all-cause mortality among older adults in Norway. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2025 Mar-Apr;89:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.11.004. Epub 2024 Dec 4. |
| 36626020 | Derived | Reitlo LS, Mihailovic JM, Stensvold D, Wisloff U, Hyder F, Haberg AK. Hippocampal neurochemicals are associated with exercise group and intensity, psychological health, and general cognition in older adults. Geroscience. 2023 Jun;45(3):1667-1685. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00719-9. Epub 2023 Jan 10. |
| 34878637 | Derived | Zotcheva E, Haberg AK, Wisloff U, Salvesen O, Selbaek G, Stensvold D, Ernstsen L. Effects of 5 Years Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med. 2022 Jul;52(7):1689-1699. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01608-5. Epub 2021 Dec 8. |
| 34867275 | Derived | Sokolowski DR, Hansen TI, Rise HH, Reitlo LS, Wisloff U, Stensvold D, Haberg AK. 5 Years of Exercise Intervention Did Not Benefit Cognition Compared to the Physical Activity Guidelines in Older Adults, but Higher Cardiorespiratory Fitness Did. A Generation 100 Substudy. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Nov 16;13:742587. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.742587. eCollection 2021. |
| 34585083 | Derived | Berglund I, Vesterbekkmo EK, Retterstol K, Anderssen SA, Fiatarone Singh MA, Helge JW, Lydersen S, Wisloff U, Stensvold D. The Long-term Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Older Men and Women Using the Per Protocol Approach: The Generation 100 Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021 Sep 16;5(5):859-871. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.07.002. eCollection 2021 Oct. |
| Results published in BMJ Oct 2020 | View source |