Total of all reporting groups

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a screening test for depression and depressive disorder. The total score is a sum which ranges from 0-60. Higher scores indicate the presence of more symptomatology.

Radloff, L.S. (1977) 'The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population'. Applied Psychological Measurement 1: 385-401.

We did not have a response from 3 participants in the Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy group

Parental Distress is a subscale of Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Richard R. Abidin. This subscale contains 12 questions. The score is the sum of all 12 questions that is then translated to percentiles for normative data (provided by the publisher). This subscale measures distress that the parent is experiencing in their role as a parent as a result of factors related to parenting. High scores indicate more distress.

Percentiles range from 0-100.

This measure was only collected on participants whose youngest child was 7 years or younger.

Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction is a subscale (12 questions) of Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Richard R. Abidin. The score is the sum of all 12 questions. This score is then translated to percentiles for normative data (provided by the publisher). The Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale measures the parent's perception that a child does or does not meet their expectations and if interactions with the child are reinforcing to the parent. High scores indicate a parent-child bond that is threatened or not adequately established. Percentiles range from 0-100.

This measure was only collected on participants whose youngest child was 7 years or younger.

The Difficult Child is a subscale of Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Richard R. Abidin that is created from 12 questions. The score is the sum of all 12 questions. This score is then translated to percentiles for normative data (provided by the publisher). The Difficult Child subscale looks at behavioral characteristics of children (temperament but also patterns of behavior) that make the child easy or difficult to manage. Higher scores generally indicate the parent is experiencing difficulty managing the child's behavior.

Percentiles range from 0-100.

This measure was only collected on participants whose youngest child was 7 years or younger.

Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Richard R. Abidin, contains a total score which is the sum of all 36 questions. The score is then translated to percentiles for normative data (provided by the publisher). The total score is intended to represent an overall level of parenting stress that the individual is experiencing. A score at or above 90 indicates experiencing clinically significant levels of stress.

Percentiles range from 0-100.

This measure was only collected on participants whose youngest child was 7 years or younger.

Do you work 15 hours or more per week for pay?

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a screening test for depression and depressive disorder. The total score is a sum which ranges from 0-60. Higher scores indicate the presence of more symptomatology.

Radloff, L.S. (1977) 'The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population'. Applied Psychological Measurement 1: 385-401.

Participants who attended the 12 month follow-up assessment.

Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Richard R. Abidin (total score (36 questions) and 3 subscales (12 questions each) was used to describe parenting stress. Scores were created by summing the responses and then translated to percentiles for normative data (provided by the publisher). The total score represents an overall level of experienced parenting stress. A score 90 or above indicates experiencing clinically significant levels of stress. The subscale Parental Distress measures distress that the parent is experiencing related to parenting. High scores indicate more distress. The Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale measures the parent's perception regarding a child meeting expectations and reinforcing interactions with the child. High scores indicate a parent-child bond that is threatened or not adequately established. The Difficult Child subscale looks at behavioral characteristics of children. Higher scores indicating difficulty managing the child's behavior.

This questionnaire was only administered to participants who had a child 8 years or older. Results are from participants who attended the 12 month follow-up assessment.

Measure of subject's ability to obtain gainful employment

Participants who attended 12 month follow-up assessment.

The implementation cost of providing a 8 session Stress Management (SM) Series (with 1 active series at a time) for both Standard of care with only a clinician, and also for a clinician and CMHA. The implementation costs include startup costs and on-going costs. On-going costs include staff salary, travel time, cell phones, space, and materials).

Since we are looking at implementation cost this measure isn't participant based, but calculated on what it would cost to run one series.

Stress Management Class delivered in public housing sites by only a clinician

This test looks at a difference in Difficult Child at the 12 month follow-up between groups.

A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to test for equivalence. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine if the difference falls out of the equivalence limits.

This test looks at a difference in PSI total score (percentile) at the 12 month follow-up between groups.

A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to test for equivalence. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine if the difference falls out of the equivalence limits.