Outcome of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation After Permanent Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation With or Without Proven Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation

Freedom From Atrial Arrhythmia in Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Permanent Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation With or Without Proven Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation

Objective: This prospective study aims to examine the outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation after permanent pulmonary vein antrum isolation or pulmonary vein antrum isolation plus left atrial posterior wall isolation is proven by a repeat procedure. The study will be conducted in patients with different types of AF: paroxysmal AF (PAF) and non-PAF (Persistent AF and Long Standing Persistent AF).

Hypothesis: In addition to permanent pulmonary vein antrum isolation, proven isolation of left atrial posterior wall is associated with more freedom from atrial arrhythmia at long-term follow-up after atrial fibrillation ablation, especially in non-PAF patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ≥ 18 years
2. AF patient undergoing primary catheter ablation (first procedure)
3. Ability to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previous ablation of AF
2. Bleeding disorder
3. Reversible causes of AF, such as hyperthyroidism and phaeochromocytoma