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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1U01HL114344-01 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | NIH |
| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | NIH |
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The prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity has nearly doubled in the United States since 1976. In 2004-2005, 42% of pregnant women had body mass index (BMI) above 25 versus 23% in 1993. Most American women are overweight/ obese (OW/OB) at conception, especially within certain racial, ethnic, and lower socioeconomic groups leading to increased adverse maternal and birth outcomes. This study will recruit, randomize and test in 300 ethnically diverse OW/OB pregnant women a behavioral intervention aimed at controlling gestational weight gain (GWG) through recommended diet, activity and lifestyle changes that are to be maintained postpartum. Outcomes include anthropometric (height, weight, percent body fat) metabolic (blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids and C-reactive protein) and behavioral measures (diet. physical activity, sleep and stress). In addition, babies will be measured for length, weight and percent body fat. The goal is to limit excessive gestational weight gain through improved maternal lifestyle that can be maintained and modelled for the family post partum and beyond.
A Randomized Control Trial is planned among ethnically diverse OW/OB pregnant women ages 18-45 years to be randomly assigned to the MOMFIT Active Intervention Group (AIG) or the Educational Control Group (ECG) plus standard obstetrical care. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, along with moderate physical activity and group intervention as utilized in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), will be adapted for pregnant and postpartum women through individual visits to tailor calorie/nutrient/activity goals, plus group coaching sessions and electronic self-monitoring behavior. Evidence based motivational interviewing and state of the art self-monitoring tools involving the LoseIt app will be adapted for pregnant/postpartum women via smartphone or Internet access, along with tailored feedback and encouragement from the Lifestyle Coach. Prevention of excessive GWG and achievement of the Institute Of Medicine (IOM) weight gain goals will be compared between groups, whether ongoing adherence to the lifestyle interventions can be sustained through postpartum intervention. Approximately one third of the participants are expected to be minorities and/or from low income backgrounds. The primary outcome is gestational weight gain from baseline (self-reported prepregnancy weight) to near delivery (36 weeks) compared with IOM goals in both groups and postpartum weight retention between 6 weeks and 12 months postpartum. Additional outcome variables include changes in maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and adiposity postpartum, blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive Protein (CRP), and lipids, diet quality, and physical activity levels, offspring adiposity and anthropometrics, and glucose and C-peptide in cord blood
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care Group | Active Comparator | Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. |
|
| Lifestyle Intervention Group | Experimental | Women in the Intervention group will participate in a lifestyle program based on Moms'adopting a healthier diet and becoming more active for 24 months. Implementation is at approximately 15 weeks.Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyle Intervention Group | Behavioral | Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) | The primary outcome is GWG as assessed continuously by the difference between the maternal weight measured at the baseline and at the 35-37 week visit. | 14-37 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Gestational Diabetes | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) will be administered at 24-26wks, as part of routine obstetric visit. Difference in incidence of Gestational diabetes between study groups will be documented. | 24-26 weeks |
| Fasting Glucose |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Linda V Van Horn, PhD | Northwestern University | Principal Investigator |
| Alan Peaceman, MD | Northwestern Memorial Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwestern Memorial Hospital; Prentice Women's | Chicago | Illinois | 60611 | United States | ||
| Northwestern University: Dept of Preventive Medicine |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41029405 | Derived | Cabre HE, Drews KL, Pomeroy J, Keadle SK, Arteaga SS, Franks PW, Haire-Joshu D, Knowler WC, Pi-Sunyer X, Van Horn L, Wing RR, Cahill AG, Clifton RG, Couch KA, Gallager D, Josefson JL, Joshipura K, Klein S, Martin CK, Peaceman AM, Phelan S, Thom EA, Redman LM; LIFE-Moms Research Group. LIFE-Moms: effects of multicomponent lifestyle randomized control trial on physical activity during pregnancy in women with overweight and obesity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Sep 30;22(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01805-9. | |
| 40839263 |
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Women completed baseline clinic visit and two 24 hour recalls prior to randomization.
Women were screened from multiple practices at the Prentice Women's Hospital of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Screening took place between Feb 2013-Dec 2015.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Usual Care Group | Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. Usual Care Group: Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. |
| FG001 | Lifestyle Intervention Group | Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer Lifestyle Intervention Group: Women in the Intervention group will participate in a lifestyle program based on Moms'adopting a healthier diet and becoming more active for 24 months. Implementation is at approximately 15 weeks.Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomization Through End of Pregnancy |
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| ||||||||||||||||||
| Live Birth |
| |||||||||||||||||||
| One Year Infant Outcomes |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Usual Care Group | Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. Usual Care Group: Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) | The primary outcome is GWG as assessed continuously by the difference between the maternal weight measured at the baseline and at the 35-37 week visit. | Women who had at least one follow-up weight in addition to baseline clinic weight. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg | 14-37 weeks |
|
Each participant was followed from initial contact through delivery for adverse events (approximately 7 months).
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Usual Care Group | Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. Usual Care Group: Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy Loss/Termination | Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | Non-systematic Assessment | Miscarriage, Termination, Antepartum stillbirth |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small for gestational age | Endocrine disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Neonate born small for gestational age |
The study recruited 281 participants, fewer than the target sample size of 300; this did not impact power for the primary outcome (higher retention rates), but requires attention when considering translational implications to a clinic setting.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mary J. Kwasny | Northwestern University | 312-503-2294 | m-kwasny@northwestern.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 28, 2016 | Jul 25, 2018 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015430 | Weight Gain |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D000078064 | Gestational Weight Gain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
| Usual Care Group | Behavioral | Mom and family continue their typical eating, activity and other lifestyle habits for 24 months. They are invited to attend quarterly classes addressing prenatal wellness and family topics. |
|
Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. |
| 14-37 wks |
| High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | 14-37 wks |
| Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | 14-37 weeks |
| Total Cholesterol | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | 14-37 Weeks |
| Triglycerides | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | 14-37 Weeks |
| Leptin | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | 14-37 weeks |
| Steady State Beta Cell Function | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program (HOMA Calculator v2.2.3, Diabetic Trial Unit, University of Oxford) which uses blood Glucose and Insulin measures to yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Steady State beta cell function (%B). 100% is set at normal reference. Should not be interpreted alone, but in combination with Insulin Sensitivity (%S). | baseline (14 weeks) and 35-37 weeks |
| Insulin Sensitivity | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program which will yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Sensitivity (%S). 100% is equivalent to the normal reference, but needs to be interpreted in context of %B. | baseline(14 weeks) and 35-37 weeks |
| Insulin Resistance (IR) | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program (HOMA Calculator v2.2.3, Diabetic Trial Unit, University of Oxford) which uses blood Glucose and Insulin measures to yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Resistance. HOMA IR (insulin resistance) is the reciprocal of insulin sensitivity (%S), as a percentage of a normal reference population (100/%S); Lower IR is better. Note: estimates are model-derived, and not linear approximations. | Baseline (14 weeks) and 35 weeks |
| Birth Weight | Neonatal Body measurements | Delivery |
| Birth Length | Neonate birth measures | Delivery |
| Head Circumference | Neonate birth measures | Delivery |
| Neonate Percent Body Fat | Neonate percent body fat as measured by PeaPod, and air displacement plethysmography system. | Delivery |
| Infant Weight | Infant Body measurements | 1 year |
| Infant Length | Infant body measurement | 1 year |
| Chicago |
| Illinois |
| 60611 |
| United States |
| Derived |
| Flanagan EW, Drews KL, Cade WT, Franks PW, Gallagher D, Phelan S, Van Horn L, Redman LM. Metabolic Health and Heterogenous Outcomes of Prenatal Interventions: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Aug 1;8(8):e2528264. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.28264. |
| 33238176 | Derived | Redman LM, Drews KL, Klein S, Horn LV, Wing RR, Pi-Sunyer X, Evans M, Joshipura K, Arteaga SS, Cahill AG, Clifton RG, Couch KA, Franks PW, Gallagher D, Haire-Joshu D, Martin CK, Peaceman AM, Phelan S, Thom EA, Yanovski SZ, Knowler WC; LIFE-Moms Research Group. Attenuated early pregnancy weight gain by prenatal lifestyle interventions does not prevent gestational diabetes in the LIFE-Moms consortium. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jan;171:108549. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108549. Epub 2020 Nov 22. |
| 30262148 | Derived | Van Horn L, Peaceman A, Kwasny M, Vincent E, Fought A, Josefson J, Spring B, Neff LM, Gernhofer N. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Activity to Limit Gestational Weight: Maternal Offspring Metabolics Family Intervention Trial, a Technology Enhanced Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Nov;55(5):603-614. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Sep 24. |
| 30230252 | Derived | Peaceman AM, Clifton RG, Phelan S, Gallagher D, Evans M, Redman LM, Knowler WC, Joshipura K, Haire-Joshu D, Yanovski SZ, Couch KA, Drews KL, Franks PW, Klein S, Martin CK, Pi-Sunyer X, Thom EA, Van Horn L, Wing RR, Cahill AG; LIFE-Moms Research Group. Lifestyle Interventions Limit Gestational Weight Gain in Women with Overweight or Obesity: LIFE-Moms Prospective Meta-Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Sep;26(9):1396-1404. doi: 10.1002/oby.22250. Epub 2018 Sep 6. |
| 26708836 | Derived | Clifton RG, Evans M, Cahill AG, Franks PW, Gallagher D, Phelan S, Pomeroy J, Redman LM, Van Horn L; LIFE-Moms Research Group. Design of lifestyle intervention trials to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in women with overweight or obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016 Feb;24(2):305-13. doi: 10.1002/oby.21330. Epub 2015 Dec 26. |
| NOT COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| BG001 | Lifestyle Intervention Group | Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer Lifestyle Intervention Group: Women in the Intervention group will participate in a lifestyle program based on Moms'adopting a healthier diet and becoming more active for 24 months. Implementation is at approximately 15 weeks.Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Gestational Age at Randomization | Mean | Standard Deviation | weeks |
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| Pre-pregnancy BMI | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg per meters-squared |
|
| Lifestyle Intervention Group |
Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer Lifestyle Intervention Group: Women in the Intervention group will participate in a lifestyle program based on Moms'adopting a healthier diet and becoming more active for 24 months. Implementation is at approximately 15 weeks.Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Percentage of Participants With Gestational Diabetes | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) will be administered at 24-26wks, as part of routine obstetric visit. Difference in incidence of Gestational diabetes between study groups will be documented. | Inadequate testing was done for several participants. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 24-26 weeks |
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| Secondary | Fasting Glucose | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | Participants with valid glucose measures | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/dL | 14-37 wks |
|
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|
|
| Secondary | High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | Participants with phlebotomy | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/dL | 14-37 wks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | Participants with valid LDL measures | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/dL | 14-37 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Total Cholesterol | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | participants with Phlebotomy at week 35 | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/dL | 14-37 Weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Triglycerides | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | Participants with phlebotomy at 35 weeks | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | mg/dL | 14-37 Weeks |
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|
| Secondary | Leptin | Blood will be collected at Baseline and 35-37 weeks. | Participants with phlebotomy at week 35 | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | ug/L | 14-37 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Steady State Beta Cell Function | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program (HOMA Calculator v2.2.3, Diabetic Trial Unit, University of Oxford) which uses blood Glucose and Insulin measures to yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Steady State beta cell function (%B). 100% is set at normal reference. Should not be interpreted alone, but in combination with Insulin Sensitivity (%S). | Participants with valid glucose measures | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | percentage of normal reference | baseline (14 weeks) and 35-37 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Insulin Sensitivity | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program which will yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Sensitivity (%S). 100% is equivalent to the normal reference, but needs to be interpreted in context of %B. | Participants with valid glucose measures | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | percentage of normal reference | baseline(14 weeks) and 35-37 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Insulin Resistance (IR) | Insulin resistance will be measured with the assistance of a computer program (HOMA Calculator v2.2.3, Diabetic Trial Unit, University of Oxford) which uses blood Glucose and Insulin measures to yield the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Resistance. HOMA IR (insulin resistance) is the reciprocal of insulin sensitivity (%S), as a percentage of a normal reference population (100/%S); Lower IR is better. Note: estimates are model-derived, and not linear approximations. | Participants with valid glucose levels. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | inverse proportion of normal reference | Baseline (14 weeks) and 35 weeks |
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| Secondary | Birth Weight | Neonatal Body measurements | Participants with live births | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | g | Delivery |
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| Secondary | Birth Length | Neonate birth measures | participants with live births | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm | Delivery |
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| Secondary | Head Circumference | Neonate birth measures | Live births | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm | Delivery |
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| Secondary | Neonate Percent Body Fat | Neonate percent body fat as measured by PeaPod, and air displacement plethysmography system. | Participants with PeaPod measurements | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of weight | Delivery |
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| Secondary | Infant Weight | Infant Body measurements | Participants with measured or reported 1 year infant weight | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg | 1 year |
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| Secondary | Infant Length | Infant body measurement | Participants with one year infant body measures | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm | 1 year |
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| 0 |
| 141 |
| 29 |
| 141 |
| 5 |
| 141 |
| EG001 | Lifestyle Intervention Group | Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer Lifestyle Intervention Group: Women in the Intervention group will participate in a lifestyle program based on Moms'adopting a healthier diet and becoming more active for 24 months. Implementation is at approximately 15 weeks.Moms will meet individually with their Lifestyle Coach (LC)at least 3 times(more as needed, attend six sessions during pregnancy and one session after delivery. In addition moms will participate in monthly phone counseling sessions with Lifestyle Coach and complete daily tracking of diet & activity and use of pedometer | 0 | 140 | 18 | 140 | 3 | 140 |
|
| Abruption | Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | Non-systematic Assessment | Placenta Abruption |
|
| Preeclampsia | Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | Non-systematic Assessment | Preeclampsia / severe preeclampsia / HELLP / eclampsia / high blood pressure |
|
| Cholestasis | Hepatobiliary disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Cholestasis / elevated liver enzymes |
|
| Preterm labor | Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Tachycardia | Cardiac disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
|
| Chorioamnionitis | Infections and infestations | Non-systematic Assessment | Intrapartum maternal infection |
|
| Vasa Previa | Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions | Non-systematic Assessment | Placenta Abnormality |
|
| Postpartum maternal infection | Surgical and medical procedures | Non-systematic Assessment | small bowel perforation |
|
| Respiratory | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | respiratory compromise |
|
| Congenital anomaly | Congenital, familial and genetic disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Fetal Congenital anomaly; small centricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis dysplastic pulmonary valve, trisomy 13, gastroschisis, esophagaeal atresia, trisomy 21, duodenal atresia. |
|
| NICU admission | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Neonatal Intensive care unit admission |
|
|
Not provided
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| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |