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Results from our preliminary study accepted as e-poster presentation on ESRA (Bordeaux, September 2012.) showed significant difference in Comfort Score during Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus block (US-SCB) between young and elderly population. However, it is unknown whether the difference in Comfort score (1) was associated with reduction of local anesthetic (LA) volume in elderly or it is attributed to elderly population by itself. The aim of the study is to compare the Comfort score during US-SCB placement in elderly patients undergoing upper limb surgery performed with two different volumes of local anesthetics (20 ml vs 32 ml).
Involutional changes of brachial plexus in elderly, assessed by measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) of brachial plexus at the first rib, allowed a 35% reduction of LA volume for an effective US-SCB in comparison with the younger patients (2). Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia becomes an increasingly popular technique and its performance must be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, Comfort score during block placement is extremely important. Comfort Score is consisted of maximum pain intensity (VAS), the satisfaction of the patient and the number of unpleasant events declared by the patients. It is calculated as the sum of each criterion, which was attributed a value of 0 or 1: VAS(<or=30/100, 1; >30/100, 0), number of unpleasant events (0, 1; >or=1, 0) and satisfaction (satisfied or very satisfied, 1; acceptable or unsatisfied, 0). Comfort score of 3 or 2 is considered as comfortable while score 1 or 0 as uncomfortable block placement.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elderly (32 mL LA volume) | Experimental | Population over age of 65 undergoing upper limb surgery using US-SCB receiving 32 ml of LA (50:50 mixture of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 2% lidocaine). |
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| Elderly (20 ml LA volume) | Experimental | Population over age of 65 undergoing upper limb surgery using US-SCB receiving 20 ml of LA (50:50 mixture of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 2% lidocaine). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper limb surgery | Procedure | Elderly patients undergoing upper limb surgery received 20 ml of LA volume (50:50 mixture of levobupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2%) for US-SCB. An independent observer unaware of the LA volume recorded maximal pain intensity resulting from block placements, questioned the patients about possible unpleasant events linked to the performance of US-SCB and assessed patient's satisfaction. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Comfort Score | An independent observer unaware of the administered LA volume assessed Comfort score by evaluating maximal pain intensity resulting from block placement using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS: 0, no pain-100, maximum or worst imaginable) as well as by recording any unpleasant event during block placement and by recording patient satisfaction using a four-point scale (unsatisfied, acceptable, satisfied and very satisfied). | Up to average 20 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Block Placement Time | Block placement time was measured as the time elapsing between needle insertion and to last removal of the needle from the patient's neck. | Up to average 20 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jadranka Pavičić Šarić | Contact | +385994888262 | jadranka.pavicic-saric@st.t-com.hr | |
| Jelena Zenko | Contact | +385994888756 | jelena.zenko@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Matea Bogdanović Dvorščak, MD | Clinical Hospital Merkur, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Hospital Merkur | Recruiting | Zagreb | City of Zagreb | 10000 | Croatia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20299995 | Background | Bloc S, Mercadal L, Garnier T, Komly B, Leclerc P, Morel B, Ecoffey C, Dhonneur G. Comfort of the patient during axillary blocks placement: a randomized comparison of the neurostimulation and the ultrasound guidance techniques. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 Jul;27(7):628-33. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328333fc0a. | |
| Background | Tomulic K, Pavicic Saric J, Acan I.Effect of age on anaesthetic volume for ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: 8AP2-8 European Journal of Anaesthesiology 28:113,2011 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001134 | Arm Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077554 | Levobupivacaine |
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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| Upper limb surgery | Procedure | Elderly patients undergoing upper limb surgery received 32 ml of LA volume (50:50 mixture of levobupivacaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2%) for US-SCB. An independent observer unaware of the LA volume recorded maximal pain intensity resulting from block placements, questioned the patients about possible unpleasant events linked to the performance of US-SCB and assessed patient's satisfaction. |
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| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D000083 | Acetanilides |