To examine whether retraining via operation inspection or verbal education can reduce the risk for peritonitis in PD patients.

The design is prospective, randomized, controlled study. At baseline (during the first month), they will receive a standard training program on performing bag exchange and education on the prevention of peritonitis.

Then the participants will be randomized into three groups: retraining via operation inspection (G1), retraining via verbal education (G2) and usual care (G3). Retraining will be performed every 2 months in G1 and G2 group.

During the following 2 years or a longer period, all the participants will be followed up frequently with outcome events recorded.

Inclusion Criteria:

• CAPD patients.
• Medically stable and receiving PD for<1 week
• age between 18 and 80 years
• self-care or doing bag exchange by a fixed assistant Exclusion Criteria
• followed up at least every 2 months
• dialyzed with glucose lactate-buffered PD solutions produced by Baxter Corp, China

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy;
• undergoing APD therapy
• Intolerance to the study protocols;
• Severe and unstable condition, acute or chronic inflammation disease;
• a high probability (assessed by the recruiting physician) of receiving a kidney transplant or transferring to HD or drop-out due to socioeconomic causes within 6 months;
• suffering peritonitis before receiving the interventions
• cognitive or psychological dysfunction;
• communication barrier