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The purpose of this study is to determine whether different clonidine concentration on axillary brachial plexus block with 1,5% lidocaine for upper limb surgery may influence the sensory and motor block onset time and duration, postoperative analgesia duration, postoperative pain intensity
Brachial plexus blocks are frequently used in surgical procedures involving the upper limb because they facilitate surgical anaesthesia, muscle relaxation and post-operative analgesics.
Various drugs are used to supplement local anaesthetics during brachial plexus block. Many studies in the literature show that clonidine, which is an alpha-2 agonist, prolongs the length of anesthesia and post-operative analgesia.4,5 However, clonidine's side effects-such as hypotension, bradycardia and sedation can limit its use.
There are no studies comparing different clonidine concentrations on the axillary brachial block, so the hypothesis of the present study was that different clonidine concentrations and LA volumes may influence the anaesthesia and analgesia quality on this type of regional block.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| low clonidine concentration | Active Comparator | clonidine concentration 1 ml on 40 ml of lidocaine 1.5% for upper brachial plexus |
|
| lidocaine 20 ml 1,5% | Active Comparator | lidocaine 20 ml 1,5% without clonidine for axillary brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery |
|
| high clonidine concentration | Active Comparator | clonidine concentration 150 mcg on 20 ml of lidocaine 1,5% for upper brachial plexus |
|
| 40 ml lidocaine 1,5% | Active Comparator | 40 ml of lidocaine 1,5% without clonidine for upper brachial plexus |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high Clonidine concentration | Drug | Clonidine 1 ml - 150 mcg on 20 ml de lidocaine 1,5% on axillary brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| sensorial and motor block duration | to compare two concentrations of clonidine on different volumes of lidocaine, in terms of sensorial and motor block duration | 24 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| adverse effects of additive clonidine on axillary brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery | analyse the adverse effects of additive clonidine on axillary brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery | 24 hours after surgery |
| postoperative analgesia duration |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| low clonidine concentration | Drug | Clonidine 1 ml - 150 mcg on 40 ml of lidocaine 1,5% - single injection on axillary brachial plexus block for upper limb |
|
| Lidocaine | Drug | Lidocaine 1,5% 20 ml 300 mg for single injection on axillary brachial plexus block for upper lim surgery |
|
| Lidocaine 40 ml | Drug | Lidocaine 40 ml 1,5% 600 mg single injection for axillary brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery |
|
to compare two concentrations of clonidine on different volumes of lidocaine, in terms of postoperative analgesia duration |
| 24 hours |
| sensorial and motor block onset time | to compare two concentrations of clonidine on different volumes of lidocaine, in terms of sensorial and motor block onset time | 24 hours |
| postoperative pain intensity | to compare two concentrations of clonidine on different volumes of lidocaine, in terms postoperative pain intensity | 24 hours |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002037 | Bundle-Branch Block |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006327 | Heart Block |
| D001145 | Arrhythmias, Cardiac |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D000075224 | Cardiac Conduction System Disease |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
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