The investigators hope to gain insights into the functional organization of the human cerebral cortex in response to upper limb amputation and surgical interventions including hand replantation and hand transplantation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• between 18-70 yrs old
• undergone successful allogeneic transplantation of one or both hands OR undergone successful reattachment of one or both hands OR will have experienced surgical repair of one or more severed nerves (ulnar, medial, radial, digital in the upper limb
• must speak English

Exclusion Criteria:

• younger than 18 years or older than 70 years
• not undergone a replant or transplant

Subjects will be patients who have undergone hand transplant or replant procedures at Kleinert Kutz and Associates or who are on the hand transplant registry.