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Background:
Osmolarity is defined as the concentration of particles dissolved in a solution. Normal tears contain various dissolved particles including proteins, salts and other electrolytes. The investigators plan to investigate how osmolarity of the tear film changes over time after instillation of artificial tears containing hyaluronate. This is one kind of artificial tear that is used to treat dry eye.
Dry eye and tear osmolarity:
Dry eye is a significant health problem, but diagnosis and treatment are often ambiguous and ineffective. There has been a resurgence of interest and research in dry eye in the past 5 years, and tear osmolarity has emerged as perhaps, one of the most effective ways to evaluate tear quality and dry eye status. Dry eye is usually treated with artificial tears, and many formulations are available. The investigators will test an isotonic solution that contains hyaluronate. Hyaluronate binds water and should help to maintain water on the eye.
Objective:
We plan to study the time course of possible changes in tear film osmolarity following instillation of an isotonic artificial tear containing hyaluronate. The investigators will use the TearLab, a new clinical instrument that has been developed to quickly and easily measure tear film osmolarity. Understanding how artificial tears affect tear film osmolarity over time can help doctors determine efficacy and dosing schedules. The investigators will test the isotonic hyaluronate (Blink Contacts) artificial tears relative to normal saline solution.
Hypothesis:
The investigators should be able to measure a decrease in tear osmolarity over time following instillation due to the water-binding effect of hyaluronate artificial tears relative to a control (normal saline solution).
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Tear hyper-osmolarity may be a fundamental cause of dry eye in many cases. Hyaluronate is an agent used in some artificial tears, which binds water and can protect against evaporation. It may therefore be an effective treatment for tear hyper-osmolarity.
Purpose: Our purpose was to measure changes in tear osmolarity over time following instillation of Blink Contacts, an isotonic ocular lubricant containing hyaluronate. We hypothesized that even in isotonic solution, the water-binding properties of hyaluronate would reduce tear osmolarity. This will help us better understand efficacy of this treatment and develop a rational basis for dosing schedules.
Methods: After baseline osmolarity measurements, eight subjects received either Blink Contacts or normal saline drops in both eyes. We re-measured osmolarity five minutes later, and then at 15-minute intervals up to 95 minutes. Subjects also rated comfort at each time. The next day, the experiment was repeated with the alternate drops for each subject.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isotonic hyaluronate artificial tear | Experimental | At random, subjects will receive isotonic hyaluronate artificial tear or a control (normal saline). |
|
| Normal saline | Placebo Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial tears | Drug | At random, subjects will receive isotonic artificial tear or a control (normal saline). |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Osmolarity Change From Baseline (mOsms/L) as a Function of Time (Minutes) | Raw data: Baseline (pre-instillation) tear osmolarity was measured for right and left eyes for each subject. Then measurements were repeated at 7 times (5, 20, 35, 50, 65 890 and 95 minutes) after instillation. Data processing: 1) Baseline osmolarity was subtracted from each post-baseline measurement to give a change-from-baseline values. 2) Right and left eye change values averaged to give a mean osmolarity change for each subject at each of the seven times. 3) Mean osmolarity changes values were averaged across 8 subjects for each of the 7 times and entered in the table below. Row 1 is for Drop A (hyaluronate); Row 2 for Drop B (saline). Column are for the 7 times. | Baseline, followed by 7 measurements made after instillation (5, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, 95 minutes post-instillation). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Thomas O Salmon, OD, PhD | Northeastern State University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northeastern State University | Tahlequah | Oklahoma | 74464 | United States |
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Subjects were assigned random ID numbers in preparation for assignment into the two groups. Half (4 subjects) chosen at random, would be assigned to Group 1, and receive Drop A on Day 1, then return 24 hours (Day 2) later to received Drop B. The other 4 subjects would be assigned to Group 1, and receive Drop B on Day 1 and Drop A on Day 2.
A convenience sample of 8 subjects was recuitted from among the student population at the NSU Oklahoma College of Optometry during May-June 2012.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Group 1: Four Subjects Who Received Drop A on Day 1 | All eight subject received Drop A (hyaluronate) on one day and Drop B (saline) on the other day. Subjects #1, 2, 3, 4 received Drop A on Day 1 and Drop B on Day 2. |
| FG001 | Group 2: Four Subjects Who Received Drop B on Day 1 | All eight subject received Drop A (hyaluronate) on one day and Drop B (saline) on the other day. Subjects #5, 6, 7, 8 received Drop B on Day 1 and Drop A on Day 2. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 |
| |||||||||||||
| Day 2 (24 Hours Later) |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Arm 1. Isotonic Hyaluronate Artificial Tear FIRST | Per sequence. Four subject, chosen at random, will receive isotonic hyaluronate artificial tear in Session 1. After a 24-hour washout period, they will return for Session 2, when they will receive saline eye drops. |
| BG001 | Arm 2. Normal Saline FIRST |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Osmolarity Change From Baseline (mOsms/L) as a Function of Time (Minutes) | Raw data: Baseline (pre-instillation) tear osmolarity was measured for right and left eyes for each subject. Then measurements were repeated at 7 times (5, 20, 35, 50, 65 890 and 95 minutes) after instillation. Data processing: 1) Baseline osmolarity was subtracted from each post-baseline measurement to give a change-from-baseline values. 2) Right and left eye change values averaged to give a mean osmolarity change for each subject at each of the seven times. 3) Mean osmolarity changes values were averaged across 8 subjects for each of the 7 times and entered in the table below. Row 1 is for Drop A (hyaluronate); Row 2 for Drop B (saline). Column are for the 7 times. | Eight subjects recruited from among students at the NSU Oklahoma College of Optometry, including 6 males and 2 females who were at least 18 years of age and who had no known ocular or systemic disease other than dry eye. Six subjects did not have dry eye and 2 were diagnosed with dry eye based on Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) survey scores. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | mOsmols/L | Baseline, followed by 7 measurements made after instillation (5, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, 95 minutes post-instillation). | Eyes | Eyes |
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Isotonic Hyaluronate Artificial Tear | At random, subjects will receive isotonic hyaluraonate artificial tear or a control (normal saline). |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas O. Salmon, OD, PhD, Professor | Northeastern State University Oklahoma College of Optometry | 918-444-4011 | salmonto@nsuok.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015352 | Dry Eye Syndromes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007766 | Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065346 | Lubricant Eye Drops |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009883 | Ophthalmic Solutions |
| D019999 | Pharmaceutical Solutions |
| D012996 | Solutions |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
|
Per sequence. The four remaining subject (see comments to left), will receive saline eye drops in Session 1. After a 24-hour washout period, they will return for Session 2, when they will receive isotonic hyaluronate artificial tears. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| OG000 | 5 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 5 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG001 | 20 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 20 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG002 | 35 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 35 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG003 | 50 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 50 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG004 | 65 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 65 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG005 | 80 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 80 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
| OG006 | 95 Minutes | Mean* change in tear osmolarity (mOsmol/L) from baseline 95 minutes after instillation of Drop A (Blink Contacts; hyaluronate) for each subject. (*Mean of change values measured for right and left eyes.) |
|
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| 0 |
| 8 |
| 0 |
| 8 |
| 0 |
| 8 |
| EG001 | Normal Saline | Subject not assigned to Arm1 (experimental group) were assigned to this group during Session 1. Twenty-four hours later subjects were assigned to the alternate groups (cross-over). | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 |
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| D045506 |
| Therapeutic Uses |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D054327 | Lubricants |
| D020313 | Specialty Uses of Chemicals |