Both population based surveys and more focused research studies indicate that increased numbers of sexual partners and partner concurrency contribute to increased risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV infection. However, unlike for men, both national and sub-population-based studies consistently find that the great majority of women with or without STIs report only 1-2 sex partners in the preceding year and that a minority of women acknowledge > 3 sex partners over the same period, suggesting that this relatively small proportion of women with higher numbers of sex partners play a disproportionate role in sustaining community STI rates. Despite these observations, surprisingly little is known about women with increased numbers of sexual partners, the factors which contribute to increased partner number, and the potential for those factors to be intervened upon to reduce risk for STI. The implications of these facts for STI/HIV prevention efforts are profound. For instance, interventions that include the implication that target audiences have multiple sex partners might be dismissed as irrelevant by those with single partners. Conversely, interventions targeting women with multiple sex partners may be based on assumptions derived from data which, while representative of the general target audience, may not reflect relevant circumstances for the subset of women with higher numbers of partners.

This study will begin to generate data that will provide critical information on this topic and help inform future development of STI/HIV interventions tailored to womens' individual circumstances and contexts. The investigators hypothesize that women with 4 or more sexual partners during the past year will report higher rates of depression and substance abuse (alcohol and drugs), higher rates of intimate partner violence, less social support, more non-vaginal sex, more same-sex contacts, and higher rates of STIs than women reporting only one sexual partner during the past year.

The objectives of this protocol are: (1) To delineate factors that are important modifiable predictors of sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk in the context of increased numbers of sexual partners, comparing those participants with one sexual partner to those with 4 or more sexual partners during the past year. (2) To define the prevalence of infection with Chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, genital herpes, and HIV in women reporting one sexual partner in the past year compared to women reporting 4 or more sexual partners during the past year.

Inclusion Criteria:

• female,
• age 16 years or older,
• report of either one sexual partner during the past year or 4 or more sexual partners in the past year,
• able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Drug and/or alcohol intoxication at the time of enrollment,
• exhibition of any type of disruptive or unsafe behavior that would not be conducive to participating in this study

Women presenting to the Jefferson County Department of Health Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic