SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 40 items in three areas: symptoms (respiratory symptoms and severity), activity (activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning and psychological disturbances due to airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating poorer health status. For patients who completed the study but with missing SGRQ-C during treatment, the missing SGRQ-C were replaced by the last observation carried forward (LOCF). Symptom scores were expected to improve over treatment, therefore the replacement of missing values with earlier measurements did not result in overoptimistic imputation and this procedure could be regarded as conservative.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated.

SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 40 items in three areas: symptoms (respiratory symptoms and severity), activity (activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning and psychological disturbances due to airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating poorer health status. For patients who completed the study but with missing SGRQ-C during treatment, the missing SGRQ-C were replaced by the last observation carried forward (LOCF). Symptom scores were expected to improve over treatment, therefore the replacement of missing values with earlier measurements did not result in overoptimistic imputation and this procedure could be regarded as conservative. Superiority of QVA 110/50 μg to tiotropium 18 μg q.d. plus formoterol 12 μg b.i.d. in terms of health related quality of life as assessed by St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) after 26 weeks of treatment

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI)/Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) focal score is based on three domains: functional impairment, magnitude of task and magnitude of effort and captures changes from baseline. BDI was measured at day 1 prior to the first dose with domain scores ranging from 0=very severe to 4=no impairment and a total score ranging from 0 to 12(best). TDI captures changes from baseline. Each domain is scored from -3=major deterioration to 3=major improvement to give an overall TDI focal score of -9 to 9. Higher numbers indicate a better score. missing values were replaced by the latest observed value (LOCF)

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The percent of participants with at least one moderate exacerbation within the 26 weeks that required systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics during the treatment

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The percent of patients with at least one severe exacerbation within the 26 weeks that required hospitalization. COPD exacerbations were considered to be severe if hospitalization were required.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The number of participants with at least one moderate or severe COPD exacerbation. COPD exacerbations are considered to be moderate if treatment with systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics was required. COPD exacerbations are considered to be severe if hospitalizations were required.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Trough FEV1 is the mean value of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) measured at 23:15h and 23:45h after the morning doses. The baseline value was measured at day 1 prior to the first dose.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

FEV1 30min is the forced expiratory volume in one second measured 30 min after the morning dose.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Part I of the SGRQ-C covers "symptoms" and is concerned with respiratory symptoms, their frequency and severity. Each questionnaire response has a unique empirically derived "weight". A score was calculated from these weights. The lowest possible value is zero and the highest 100. A higher value corresponds to greater impairment of health status.

Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated