Not able to recruit participants

This study is designed to test the hypotheses that incentives can increase both participation in smoking cessation treatment and resulting cessation rates when they are offered to Medicaid BadgerCare Plus members.

Aim 1: To determine the extent to which contingent financial "treatment incentives" (i.e., incentives for biochemical verification visits, treatment engagement, and abstinence) versus "attendance incentives" (i.e., incentives for only attending the biochemical verification visits), increase rates of smoking cessation . Participants will be BadgerCare Plus tobacco users who enroll in Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL) services.

Aim 2: To determine the extent to which treatment incentives vs. attendance incentives increase rates of engagement in smoking cessation treatment through the WTQL when offered to BadgerCare Plus members who smoke.

Aim 3: To determine the cost-effectiveness of the smoking cessation program when paired with treatment incentives and when paired with attendance incentives.

Aim 4: To identify moderating and mediational effects regarding the clinical benefit of incentivized smoking treatment

Aim 5: To determine the reach of an incentivized smoking cessation treatment that depends upon primary care clinic staff, a fax-to-quit referral mechanism and a state quit line.

Inclusion Criteria:

• enrollment in Wisconsin Medicaid (BadgerCare Plus)
• resides in study area (one of 25 counties)
• member of participating HMOs
• 18 or older
• English speaking
• has smoked daily (at least 5 cigarettes each day) over the last week
• willingness to attend visits at his/her PCC (primary care clinic) every 6 months (3 times over a 12 month period), provide urine samples, and complete follow-up phone calls
• willingness to inform the WTQL as to any change in address, phone number, clinic attended, or health plan.

Exclusion Criteria:

• not enrolled in Wisconsin Medicaid (BadgerCare Plus)
• not reside in study area
• not a member participating HMOs
• less than 18 years of age
• not English speaking
• does not smoke daily (at least 5 cigarettes each day) over the last week
• not willing to attend visits at his/her PCC (primary care clinic) every 6 months (3 times over a 12 month period), provide urine samples, and complete follow-up phone calls.
• not willing to inform the WTQL as to any change in address, phone number, clinic attended, or health plan.