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Background: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study is to determine the most effective supplemental analgesic, paracetamol or lornoxicam for postoperative pain relief after lower abdominal surgery.
Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either isotonic saline (Control group), intravenous paracetamol 1 g every 6 h (Paracetamol group) or lornoxicam 16 mg then 8 mg after 12 h (Lornoxicam group). Additionally pain was treated postoperatively using morphine patient-controlled analgesia. Postoperative pain scores measured by the verbal pain score (VPS), morphine consumption and the incidence of side effects were measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lornoxicam | Experimental | Lornoxicam 16 mg will be given at skin closure and 8 mg will be given 12 hours postoperatively |
|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | Patients will receive normal saline at skin closure, at 6, 12, 18 hours postoperatively. |
|
| Paracetamol | Experimental | 1 gm of paracetamol will be given at skin closure, 6, 12, 18 hours postoperatively |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| placebo | Other | normal saline |
|
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative pain | Postoperative pain scores measured by the verbal pain score (VPS)1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Morphine consumption | pain was treated postoperatively using morphine patient-controlled analgesia. Morphine consumption was measured at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively | 24 hours |
| Incidence of side-effects |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hany A Mowafi, MD | UD | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dammam University, KFHU | Khobar | EP | 31952 | Saudi Arabia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22584689 | Derived | Mowafi HA, Elmakarim EA, Ismail S, Al-Mahdy M, El-Saflan AE, Elsaid AS. Intravenous lornoxicam is more effective than paracetamol as a supplemental analgesic after lower abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2012 Sep;36(9):2039-44. doi: 10.1007/s00268-012-1649-2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000082 | Acetaminophen |
| C059451 | lornoxicam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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| Paracetamol | Drug | IV paracetamol infusion |
|
|
| Lornoxicam | Drug | 16 mg at skin closure and 8 mg 12 hours postoperative |
|
|
incidence of side effects was measured at 1,2,4,8, 12, 24 hr postoperatively.
| 24 hours |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |