Subjects did not meet inclusion criteria

Uterine leiomyomata, also known as fibroids, are an extremely common benign lesion being present in 30-50% of all women. Traditional surgical treatment of symptomatic fibroids has been hysterectomy in post child bearing woman. However, over the last decade, the use of a minimal invasive technique called uterine artery embolization has become increasingly popular due to high patient satisfaction, cost effectiveness, and shorter recovery period. The purpose of this randomized blinded placebo controlled study is to compare pre-emptive analgesia vs non-preemptive analgesia for immediate postoperative pain control, long term pain control, and improved quality of life in woman following uterine artery embolization surgery. The study consists of four drug groups including a placebo group. The addition of pregabalin and celecoxib together with epidural analgesia may improve pain management as well as leading to a better post-procedure outcome in women following uterine artery embolization.

Many investigators believe that the ischemia in the normal myometrium is the primary source of pain immediately following surgery making postoperative pain management challenging. Epidural fentanyl may offer an advantage when encountering visceral pain. In addition to being an effective analgesic for chronic pain syndromes, the use of pregabalin provides effective postoperative analgesia when it is administered pre-emptively before an operation. Preemptive analgesia involves the introduction of an analgesic regimen before the onset of noxious stimuli, with the goal of preventing sensitization of the nervous system to subsequent stimuli that could amplify pain. In human trials, pregabalin has been demonstrated to reduce pain, improve sleep, and mood disturbances in patients with post herpetic neuralgia. The use of celecoxib in combination with pregabalin has shown to provide more effective analgesia by providing antihyperalgesia. Therefore, the addition of pregabalin and celecoxib together with epidural analgesia may improve pain management as well as having an effect on long term sequelae.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult female patients (>18 years of age) who are undergoing elective uterine artery embolization will be included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Exclusion criteria for the study are patient refusal to be included in the study, the presence of language barrier that inhibits proper communication with the patient
• Contraindications to regional anesthesia
• History of allergy to amide local anesthetics or narcotics
• Known hypersensitivity to pregabalin, creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min
• The presence of a progressive neurological deficit
• The presence of chronic opioid analgesia
• The presence of a coagulopathy or infection, pregnancy
• Patients with cardiovascular disease
• Patients who take daily antiplatelet medications, patients with peptic ulcer disease
• History of psychiatric disorder or inability to follow study protocol.
• Dropout criteria include failed epidural analgesia, inability to tolerate side effects (nausea) from pregabalin, and the inability to contact during follow up.

Baseline Analysis population description

Early termination due to lost of follow-up for primary outcome at 3 months