The purpose of our study is to image human prostate tissue using a transrectal photoacoustic imaging probe.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE(S):

The primary objective of this pilot study is to assess PAI-performance in a clinical setting to understand limitations of our current PAI instrumentation and to help improve the next-generation design.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE(S):

To do preliminary evaluations of oxygen saturation in lesions based on PAI-measurements in order to distinguish malignant from benign prostatic tissue as a basis for future studies.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Consent signed
• Male >= 18 and <= 80 years of age
• Patients must have an elevated PSA And/ Or Abnormal digital rectal exam Or Other indication for prostate biopsy Or Patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer who are scheduled for prostatectomy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of prostatectomy or other surgical history that would preclude transrectal imaging (i.e. abdominal perineal resection), anal stenosis/stricture disease
• Men with anatomic abnormalities or previous surgical history that make transrectal imaging impossible (for example, men with previous abdominal-perineal bowel resections or anal atresia/stenosis)

Medical oncologists with appropriate patient populations will be informed of the study and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Potential participants will be recruited from the Stanford Urologic Oncology Clinic. A study investigator will follow-up with participants who are interested in participating in this study. Study information will be posted on the Stanford Cancer Center website as well.