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Difficulty in recruiting
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The aim of this study is to determine if local application of heat increases the probability of insertion of peripheral venous catheter at the first attempt, reduces the time needed to obtain cannulation and maintains the analgesic effect of Emla in children undergoing peripheral venous cannulation and previously treated with local analgesia with Emla.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emla + no additional intervention | No Intervention | Children in this arm will receive standard preparation of the venipuncture site (local analgesia with Emla) without warming | |
| Emla + Local Warming | Experimental | Children in this arm will receive standard preparation of the venipuncture site (local analgesia with Emla) plus warming with a heating pad at 40°C for 5 minutes |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emla + Local Warming | Other | In this arm Emla is applied 60 minutes before the procedure and then the site of venepuncture is warmed by an electric heating sand pad at the temperature of 40°C for 5 minutes before performing cannulation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| rate of success of peripheral venous cannulation at the first attempt | The outcome is observed and recorded immediatly after the venous cannulation. No follow up is required |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| pain perceived by the child undergone to the cannulation | The pain level is estimated using a visual analog scale (from 0 to 10) or the Wong "faces'" Scale | The outcome is observed and recorded immediatly after the venous cannulation. No follow up is required |
| Difficulty in performing cannulation perceived by Nurse |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Filippo Festini, RN, BA, BSN, MSN | University of Florence | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meyer Children Hospital | Florence | 50139 | Italy |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077442 | Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 |
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This outcome is calculated using an "ad hoc" Visual Analog Scale (from 0 to 10) |
| The outcome is observed and recorded immediatly after the venous cannulation. No follow up is required |
| Time needed to obtain cannulation | Time is calculated in seconds | From positioning tourniquet to completion of cannulation. No follow up is required |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D011318 | Prilocaine |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D004338 | Drug Combinations |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |