An intravenous bolus of fentanyl often induces a cough reflex. This study investigates whether priming with rocuronium can attenuate fentanyl-induced coughing effectively.

Fentanyl is widely used for analgesia and anesthesia because of its rapid onset, its intense analgesic effect, and is associated with lessened cardiovascular depression and low histamine release. Although the cough reflex is usually transient and self-limiting, it should be avoided in situations such as elevated intracranial, intraocular, or intra-abdominal pressure, and unstable hemodynamics.

The cause of FIC is unclear. One hypothesis is that vocal cord spasms might induce coughing because of fentanyl-induced muscle rigidity and histamine release. Muscle relaxants are commonly used to treat this condition. This study hypothesizes that priming muscle relaxants could prevent or suppress FIC. This study investigates whether the muscle relaxant rocuronium attenuates FIC effectively.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 260 ASA I-II patients,
• aged between 18 and 80 years, and undergoing various elective surgeries at Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital.

Exclusion Criteria:

• a history of asthma,
• chronic cough,
• smoking,
• upper respiratory tract infection in the previous 2 weeks, and
• medication containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or anesthetic premedication.