The investigators tested whether pain decrease can be observed centrally with non-invasive brain imaging in CBP subjects receiving Lidoderm. The investigators first tested effects of 5% Lidoderm patched in an open labelled trial. Next the investigators compared the effects of Lidocaine versus Placebo patches. Three time points were evaluated: baseline (before treatment) and 6 hours and 2 weeks after treatment. The latter trial was a 2 arm, double blind, placebo controlled trial, where participants either received Lidoderm or placebo patches, without cross over.

Previous data showed that Lidoderm patches that contain 5% Lidocaine applied to the affected area for a period of 1-2 weeks decreased chronic pain. We conducted a preliminary open-label trial in chronic back pain patients and found that the patients reported reduction in pain intensity and associated brain activity (measured with fMRI). As a next step, we conducted a double blind clinical trial where the drug was tested against placebo to determine whether the effects on CBP were mediated by a pharmacological mechanism. For this we obtained psychophysical measurements of pain and measures of brain activity using fMRI. Two scans after treatment (6 hour and 2 weeks after treatment) were conducted to observe the effects of short term and long term use.

Brain activity was measured by the non-invasive method of functional imaging (fMRI), which enables examination of cortical blood flow during pain rating. These brain scans were acquired in chronic back pain patients while they rated their ongoing chronic pain using a finger span device. In a control task, each patient also rated the changes in the length of a bar n a screen (a visual control task). Anatomical scans were also acquired.

The general design of the study was that CBP subjects were assesses with fmri for brain responses for ongoing pain at three time points. The initial (baseline) scan occurred after a minimum of 48 hour period during which the patients refrained from taking analgesic medication. The patients were next scanned at 6 hours after treatment and again after 2 weeks of continuous treatment. Subjects were randomised to placebo or Lidoderm (both Lidoderm and placebo patches were supplied by Endo Pharmaceuticals).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or Female 18 years or older of age
2. Pain in the location of the lower back
3. Pain duration for a minimum of 6 months on a continuous basis
4. Pain intensity of at least 3 out of 10 on most days of the week over the past six months
5. Manifestations of radicular element of pain: radiation below knee (examples towards thigh, buttocks).
6. Right handedness

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Applying for or currently receiving workers' compensation or disability status.
2. Back pain secondary to spinal cord injury
3. Back pain secondary to any systemic condition (e.g ankylosing spondylitis0
4. Diabetes mellitus
5. Back pain secondary to tumors.
6. Standard MRI criteria re: claustrophobia, metal objects etc.
7. Subjects with cognitive deficits such as dementia, psychiatric illness including depression with a BDI score of more than 19 (moderate to severe depression), history of brain injury, history of chronic disease
8. Pregnant and/or lactating women
9. Left handedness
10. Active cancer
11. Other serious painful condition (e.g., arthritis)

2 weeks