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Although technology offers great potential for enhancing the health and well-being of older adults, robust studies are needed to quantify the value of technology and further the investigators understanding of barriers to technology access among older adults and of strategies that are effective in removing these barriers. This cross-site randomized field trial will evaluate a simple to use Personalized Reminder Information and Social Management System (PRISM) designed to support social connectivity, memory, skill building and resource access for older adults. The PRISM system (PRISM C condition) will be compared to an notebook information control condition (PRISM B condition). The target population is older adults who live at home alone and are at risk for isolation. The goal of the study is to gather systematic evidence about the value of technology for older adults and to identify factors that affect use and usability, acceptance and technology adoption. The investigators will also gather longitudinal data on the benefits of the system. Participants aged 65 - 85 years (100 per site) will be randomly assigned following baseline assessment to one of two conditions: PRISM C condition where participants receive the technology system or the PRISM B condition only control where participants receive a notebook that includes information similar to that provided in PRISM C (e.g., resource guide). The categories of information provided in the notebook is similar to the features provided on the system. Participants will include males and females who do not have a home computer and who have limited Internet experience. The intervention period is 12 months. A battery of measures that includes demographic information, attitudes towards technology (including computer self-efficacy and computer comfort), technology, computer and Internet experience, functional independence and well-being, emotional well-being social support/isolation, and quality of life will be administered at baseline, and 6 and 12 months post randomization. In addition, the investigators will assess cognitive abilities at baseline and twelve months. The investigators will also gather data regarding technology use and social interactions via a brief telephone interview at 18 months post randomization.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRISM B: Notebook Condition | Active Comparator | Telephone check-in calls and a notebook containing similar categories of information as the features on the PRISM C computer system such as a resource guide; games; classroom and information, calendar. |
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| PRISM C: Computer Condition | Experimental | A computer-based system designed to support socialization and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory. The system is placed in the homes of those randomized to the condition for 12 months. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRISM C: Computer Condition | Behavioral | A specialized computer system designed to support social connectivity and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Social Isolation Measured by Friendship Scale | Measures the level of social isolation from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Lower score means less social isolation. Range (0-24) . | Baseline and 6th month |
| Change in Level of Social Support Measured by Social Support Scale | Measures the level of social support from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more social support. Range (6-36). | Baseline and 6th month |
| Change Overall Well-being Measured by SF-36 Overall Well-being Subscale | Use the SF-36 scale to measure the overall well-being from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score indicates more peaceful, happy, and calm. Range (0-100) | Baseline and 6th month |
| Change in Social Isolation Measured by Friendship Scale | Measures the level of social isolation from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Lower score means less social isolation. Range (0-24) . | Baseline and 12th month |
| Change in Level of Social Support Measured by Social Support Scale | Measures the level of social support from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more social support. Range (6-36). | Baseline and 12th month |
| Change Overall Well-being Measured by SF-36 Overall Well-being Subscale | Use the SF-36 to measure the overall well-being from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more peaceful, happy and calm. Range (0-100). | Baseline and 12th month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Computer Comfort Measured by Computer Attitude - Comfort Subscale . | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer comfort from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more computer comfort. Range (5-25). | baseline and 6 months |
| Changes in Technology Proficiency Measured by Technology Proficiency Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sara J. Czaja, PhD | University of Miami | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Miami | Miami | Florida | 33136 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24107443 | Background | Boot WR, Charness N, Czaja SJ, Sharit J, Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Mitzner T, Lee CC, Nair S. Computer proficiency questionnaire: assessing low and high computer proficient seniors. Gerontologist. 2015 Jun;55(3):404-11. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnt117. Epub 2013 Oct 9. | |
| 25460342 | Background | Czaja SJ, Boot WR, Charness N, A Rogers W, Sharit J, Fisk AD, Lee CC, Nair SN. The personalized reminder information and social management system (PRISM) trial: rationale, methods and baseline characteristics. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Jan;40:35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.11.004. Epub 2014 Nov 8. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | PRISM B: Notebook Condition | Telephone check-in calls and a notebook containing similar categories of information as the features on the PRISM C computer system such as a resource guide; games; classroom and information, calendar. PRISM B: Notebook Condition: Telephone check-in calls and a notebook that contains information about community resources, games; topics of interests to seniors; a calendar and contact list. |
| FG001 | PRISM C: Computer Condition | A computer-based system designed to support socialization and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory. The system is placed in the homes of those randomized to the condition for 12 months. PRISM C: Computer Condition: A specialized computer system designed to support social connectivity and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | PRISM B: Notebook Condition | Telephone check-in calls and a notebook containing similar categories of information as the features on the PRISM C computer system such as a resource guide; games; classroom and information, calendar. PRISM B: Notebook Condition: Telephone check-in calls and a notebook that contains information about community resources, games; topics of interests to seniors; a calendar and contact list. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Social Isolation Measured by Friendship Scale | Measures the level of social isolation from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Lower score means less social isolation. Range (0-24) . | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 133 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline and 6th month |
|
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All-Cause Mortality, Serious, and Other (Not including serious) Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | PRISM B: Notebook Condition | Telephone check-in calls and a notebook containing similar categories of information as the features on the PRISM C computer system such as a resource guide; games; classroom and information, calendar. PRISM B: Notebook Condition: Telephone check-in calls and a notebook that contains information about community resources, games; topics of interests to seniors; a calendar and contact list. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Sara J. Czaja | University of Miami Miller School of Medicine | 305-355-9068 | sczaja@med.miami.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012934 | Social Isolation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| PRISM B: Notebook Condition | Behavioral | Telephone check-in calls and a notebook that contains information about community resources, games; topics of interests to seniors; a calendar and contact list. |
|
Measures the level of technology proficiency from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher scores means more computer proficiency. Range (6-30) |
| baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Technology Adoption Measured by Technology Acceptance Questionnaire | Measure the level of technology adoption from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more acceptance. Range (6-42) | baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Computer Comfort Measured by Computer Attitude - Comfort Subscale . | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer comfort from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more computer comfort. Range (5-25) | baseline and 12 months |
| Changes in Technology Proficiency Measured by Technology Proficiency Scale | Measures the level of technology proficiency from baseline to 12th month follow-up. A higher score means more computer proficiency. Range (6-30) | baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Technology Adoption Measured by Technology Acceptance Questionnaire | Measures the level of technology adoption from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more acceptance. Range (6-42) | baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Computer Interest Measured by Computer Attitude - Interest Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer interest from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more interest towards computer. Range (5-25) | Baseline and 6th month follow-up |
| Change in Computer Interest Measured by Computer Attitude - Interest Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer interest from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more interest towards computer. Range (5-25) | Baseline and 12th month follow-up |
| Change in Computer Efficacy Measured by Computer Attitude - Efficacy Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer efficacy from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more efficacy towards computer. Range (5-25) | Baseline and 6th month follow-up |
| Change in Computer Efficacy Measured by Computer Attitude - Efficacy Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer efficacy from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more efficacy towards computer. Range (5-25) | Baseline and 12th month follow-up |
| 28575476 | Background | Yoon JS, Charness N, Boot WR, Czaja SJ, Rogers WA. Depressive Symptoms as a Predictor of Memory Complaints in the PRISM Sample. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019 Jan 10;74(2):254-263. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbx070. |
| 31186624 | Background | Mitzner TL, Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Boot WR, Charness N, Czaja SJ, Sharit J. Predicting Older Adults' Perceptions about a Computer System Designed for Seniors. Univers Access Inf Soc. 2016 Jun;15(2):271-280. doi: 10.1007/s10209-014-0383-y. Epub 2014 Sep 7. |
| 28201730 | Result | Czaja SJ, Boot WR, Charness N, Rogers WA, Sharit J. Improving Social Support for Older Adults Through Technology: Findings From the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial. Gerontologist. 2018 May 8;58(3):467-477. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw249. |
| 30265294 | Derived | Mitzner TL, Savla J, Boot WR, Sharit J, Charness N, Czaja SJ, Rogers WA. Technology Adoption by Older Adults: Findings From the PRISM Trial. Gerontologist. 2019 Jan 9;59(1):34-44. doi: 10.1093/geront/gny113. |
| BG001 | PRISM C: Computer Condition | A computer-based system designed to support socialization and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory. The system is placed in the homes of those randomized to the condition for 12 months. PRISM C: Computer Condition: A specialized computer system designed to support social connectivity and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| OG001 | PRISM C: Computer Condition | A computer-based system designed to support socialization and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory. The system is placed in the homes of those randomized to the condition for 12 months. PRISM C: Computer Condition: A specialized computer system designed to support social connectivity and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory |
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| Primary | Change in Level of Social Support Measured by Social Support Scale | Measures the level of social support from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more social support. Range (6-36). | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline and 6th month |
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| Primary | Change Overall Well-being Measured by SF-36 Overall Well-being Subscale | Use the SF-36 scale to measure the overall well-being from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score indicates more peaceful, happy, and calm. Range (0-100) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 6th month |
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| Primary | Change in Social Isolation Measured by Friendship Scale | Measures the level of social isolation from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Lower score means less social isolation. Range (0-24) . | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 150 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline and 12th month |
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| Primary | Change in Level of Social Support Measured by Social Support Scale | Measures the level of social support from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more social support. Range (6-36). | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline and 12th month |
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| Primary | Change Overall Well-being Measured by SF-36 Overall Well-being Subscale | Use the SF-36 to measure the overall well-being from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more peaceful, happy and calm. Range (0-100). | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 12th month |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Comfort Measured by Computer Attitude - Comfort Subscale . | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer comfort from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more computer comfort. Range (5-25). | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | baseline and 6 months |
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| Secondary | Changes in Technology Proficiency Measured by Technology Proficiency Scale | Measures the level of technology proficiency from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher scores means more computer proficiency. Range (6-30) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 147 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 6 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Technology Adoption Measured by Technology Acceptance Questionnaire | Measure the level of technology adoption from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more acceptance. Range (6-42) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 6 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Comfort Measured by Computer Attitude - Comfort Subscale . | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer comfort from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more computer comfort. Range (5-25) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | baseline and 12 months |
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| Secondary | Changes in Technology Proficiency Measured by Technology Proficiency Scale | Measures the level of technology proficiency from baseline to 12th month follow-up. A higher score means more computer proficiency. Range (6-30) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 147 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 12 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Technology Adoption Measured by Technology Acceptance Questionnaire | Measures the level of technology adoption from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more acceptance. Range (6-42) | Some participants did not answer the questionnaire. 149 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline and 12 months |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Interest Measured by Computer Attitude - Interest Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer interest from baseline to 6th month follow-up. Higher score means more interest towards computer. Range (5-25) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 6th month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Interest Measured by Computer Attitude - Interest Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer interest from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more interest towards computer. Range (5-25) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 12th month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Efficacy Measured by Computer Attitude - Efficacy Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer efficacy from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more efficacy towards computer. Range (5-25) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 6th month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Change in Computer Efficacy Measured by Computer Attitude - Efficacy Subscale | Use the computer attitude scale to measure the level of computer efficacy from baseline to 12th month follow-up. Higher score means more efficacy towards computer. Range (5-25) | Some participants did not complete the questionnaire. 148 participants from PRISM B and 149 from PRISM C contributed to at least one of the two time points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units in scale | Baseline and 12th month follow-up |
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| EG001 | PRISM C: Computer Condition | A computer-based system designed to support socialization and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory. The system is placed in the homes of those randomized to the condition for 12 months. PRISM C: Computer Condition: A specialized computer system designed to support social connectivity and access to resources; knowledge and prospective memory | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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