To compare the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) between eyes with and without a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) after single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation 4 years postoperatively.Diabetes mellitus would not increase the incidence of PCO at 4 years.

There is a paucity of available literature that prospectively evaluates the development of PCO with the single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL implantation in diabetic versus non-diabetic eyes on a long-term basis. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the degree of PCO after cataract surgery between diabetic and age-matched non-diabetic patients. This prospective, observational case control study comprised patients who underwent phacoemulsification .The patients were asked to return for postoperative follow-up visits at 1 month, 1 year and 4 years.

the digital images were analyzed for PCO .

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes mellitus was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1c ) levels of 6% or more ,
• use of diabetic medication (oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin injection or diet restriction), or a physician's diagnosis of diabetes.
• Patients with uncomplicated age-related cataract who were otherwise healthy constituted the controls (n=75 eyes).

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with glaucoma,
• high myopia (axial length > 27.0 mm),
• pseudoexfoliation,
• traumatic cataract,
• subluxated cataract,
• previous ocular surgeries,
• allergy to dilating drops.

patients who underwent phacoemulsification for age-related cataract