The subjects in this group underwent evaluation for barriers to self care by a diabetes educators well versed with age specific barriers. After consideration of patients clinical, functional, and psychosocial background a geriatric diabetes team devised strategy to help patients cope respective barriers. A care manager then implemented the coping strategies by educating patients and caregivers. She also made home visits to assess any safety issues not know to clinic based geriatric team. She helped the patients and caregivers with all aspects of care coordination. Patients in this group received phone contact from care managers as many times as needed over the six month intervention period.

The subjects in the group received similar, in person, contact as the intervention group. An educator, separate from the one involved in the intervention team, called patents in this group for a total of eleven time within the first six months. The phone calls were forces toward general discussion without any diabetes related advice.

The intervention included developing strategies to help patients cope with their barriers to self care. The intervention were implemented by care manager over 6 month period in person and by phone calls. During the six to twelve month period subjects did not have any contact with study staff or care manager.

The primary outcome of the study is to measure change in A1c before and after intervention at 6-months and at 12-months

Tests, surveys and questionnaires used during study visits are as follows: Demographic and medical history, hypoglycemia history and calendar, medication adherence survey, modified clock making test, trail making test A and B, verbal fluency test, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, 6 minute walk test, Tinetti test, geriatric depression scale, problem areas in diabetes assessment, self care inventory, determine nutrition test, social support assessment.