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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Norwegian Defence Research Establishment | UNKNOWN |
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether use of lead free ammunitions cause more respiratory problems than use of lead containing ammunitions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaded ammunition | |||
| Non-leaded ammunition | |||
| Modified non-leaded ammunition |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) | Before, Immediately after, and 24 hrs after exposure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation markers | Before and 24 hrs after esposure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective Symptoms | During exposure, and during the 24 hrs after exposure |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Voluntary army soldiers
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kjetil Longva, PhD | Norwegian Defence Reasearch Establishment | Study Director |
| Anne-Katrine Borander, MD | Oslo University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Øyvind Albert Voie, PhD | Norwegian Research Defence Establishment | Principal Investigator |
| Johny S Kongerud, MD PhD | Oslo University Hospital | Study Director |
| Liv Ingunn Bjoner Sikkeland, PhD | Oslo University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian Defence Research Establishment | Kjeller | Akershus | N-2007 | Norway |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28408655 | Derived | Borander AK, Voie OA, Longva K, Danielsen TE, Grahnstedt S, Sandvik L, Kongerud J, Sikkeland LIB. Military small arms fire in association with acute decrements in lung function. Occup Environ Med. 2017 Sep;74(9):639-644. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104207. Epub 2017 Apr 13. |
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Sputum and serum