75 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 followed by, after a 5 weeks interval, 100 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 3-weeks cycle. Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity

PFS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to the date of the first occurrence of disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Progression was assessed using the RANO or the Macdonald Response Criteria, whichever occurred first. As per RANO criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions despite stable or increasing steroid dose; increase (significant) in non-enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions, not attributable to other non-tumor causes; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration (not attributable to other non-tumor causes and not due to steroid decrease). As per Macdonald criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Percentage of participants achieving CR or PR as overall response between first drug administration and documented disease progression were calculated. Tumor response was evaluated according to both the RANO and the Macdonald response criteria. As per Macdonald criteria, CR was defined as the disappearance of all enhancing disease, sustained for at least 4 weeks, and no new lesions along with clinical features of clinically stable or improved, with no corticosteroid; PR was defined as a 50% or more decrease of all measurable enhancing lesions, sustained for at least 4 weeks, and no new lesion along with clinical features of clinically stable or improved, with stable or reduced corticosteroids. RANO criteria defined CR and PR the same as Macdonald criteria with the following additions: CR - improved non enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions; PR - no progression of non-measurable disease, stable or improved non enhancing FLAIR/T2 lesions.

EORTC QLQ-C30: included global health status/quality of life (QOL), functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting), and single items (dyspnea, appetite loss, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties). Most questions used a 4-point scale (1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'); 2 questions used a 7-point scale (1 'Very Poor' to 7 'Excellent'). Scores were averaged and transformed to 0-100 scale; a higher score for Global QOL/functional scales indicates better level of QOL/functioning, or a higher score for symptom scale indicates greater degree of symptoms.

Corticosteroid initiation was assessed in participants not receiving corticosteroids at screening. The participant had the event if he/she started on corticosteroids with a dosage greater than equal to (>/=) 2 mg dexamethasone equivalent.

Time to corticosteroid initiation was defined as the time from screening to the start date of the first corticosteroid administration in participants not receiving corticosteroids at screening. The participant had the event if he/she started on corticosteroids with a dosage ≥2 mg dexamethasone equivalent. Instead, if the participant was not known to have the event, time was censored at the last available visit date. Time to corticosteroid initiation was estimated using Kaplan Meier method.

Corticosteroid use was classified as: 1. No Change (if corticosteroid dose at each assessment was equal to baseline); 2. Decreased (if corticosteroid dose at each assessment was lower than baseline); 3. Increased (corticosteroid dose at each assessment was greater than baseline).

Deterioration of KPS was defined as a decrease of at least 20 percentage points with respect to the screening. KPS is an 11-level score which ranges between 0 (death) to 100 (complete healthy status); a higher score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

Time to KPS deterioration was defined as the time from screening to the first date of deterioration of the KPS score. Deterioration of KPS was defined as a decrease of at least 20 percentage points with respect to the screening. KPS is an 11-level score which ranges between 0 (death) to 100 (complete healthy status); a higher score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks. Time to KPS deterioration was estimated using Kaplan Meier method. If the participant was not known to have the event, time was censored at the last available visit date.

WHO PS deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 1 point with respect to the screening value. WHO PS is a 6-level score which ranges between 0 (fully active) to 5 (death); a lower score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

Time to WHO PS deterioration was defined as the time from randomization to the first date of deterioration of the WHO performance status score. WHO PS deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 1 point with respect to the screening value. WHO PS is a 6-level score which ranges between 0 (fully active) to 5 (death); a lower score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

Total of all reporting groups

Participants received fotemustine 75 mg/m^2 via IV infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 (induction phase), followed by a 35-day drug-free interval, and then fotemustine 100 mg/m^2 every 21 days (maintenance phase) until disease progression was radiographically documented or the onset of toxicity prevented treatment continuation.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

ITT population.

Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to the date of the first occurrence of disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Progression was assessed using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) or Macdonald Response Criteria, whichever occurred first. As per the RANO criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions despite stable or increasing steroid dose; increase (significant) in non-enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions, not attributable to other non-tumor causes; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration (not attributable to other non-tumor causes and not due to steroid decrease). As per the Macdonald criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration.

ITT population.

PFS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to the date of the first occurrence of disease progression or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Progression was assessed using the RANO or the Macdonald Response Criteria, whichever occurred first. As per RANO criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions despite stable or increasing steroid dose; increase (significant) in non-enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions, not attributable to other non-tumor causes; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration (not attributable to other non-tumor causes and not due to steroid decrease). As per Macdonald criteria, progression was defined as 25% or more increase in enhancing lesions; any new lesions; and clinical deterioration.

ITT population.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

ITT population.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

ITT population. Here, the number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome.

OS was defined as the time in months from the start of treatment to death due to any cause. If a participant was not known to have died, time was censored at the last date the participant was known to be alive, which was defined as the latest among date of last visit, date of last sample collected for laboratory exam, date of MRI assessment, date of last treatment, date of discontinuation and date of last available follow-up visit. Participants with no information after baseline were censored at Day 1. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

ITT population. Here, the number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome.

Percentage of participants achieving CR or PR as overall response between first drug administration and documented disease progression were calculated. Tumor response was evaluated according to both the RANO and the Macdonald response criteria. As per Macdonald criteria, CR was defined as the disappearance of all enhancing disease, sustained for at least 4 weeks, and no new lesions along with clinical features of clinically stable or improved, with no corticosteroid; PR was defined as a 50% or more decrease of all measurable enhancing lesions, sustained for at least 4 weeks, and no new lesion along with clinical features of clinically stable or improved, with stable or reduced corticosteroids. RANO criteria defined CR and PR the same as Macdonald criteria with the following additions: CR - improved non enhancing T2/FLAIR lesions; PR - no progression of non-measurable disease, stable or improved non enhancing FLAIR/T2 lesions.

ITT population.

EORTC QLQ-C30: included global health status/quality of life (QOL), functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting), and single items (dyspnea, appetite loss, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties). Most questions used a 4-point scale (1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'); 2 questions used a 7-point scale (1 'Very Poor' to 7 'Excellent'). Scores were averaged and transformed to 0-100 scale; a higher score for Global QOL/functional scales indicates better level of QOL/functioning, or a higher score for symptom scale indicates greater degree of symptoms.

ITT population. Here, the number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome, and "n" signified participants with evaluable data for specified category for each arm, respectively.

Corticosteroid initiation was assessed in participants not receiving corticosteroids at screening. The participant had the event if he/she started on corticosteroids with a dosage greater than equal to (>/=) 2 mg dexamethasone equivalent.

ITT population. Number of participants analyzed signified participants who were not receiving corticosteroids at screening.

Time to corticosteroid initiation was defined as the time from screening to the start date of the first corticosteroid administration in participants not receiving corticosteroids at screening. The participant had the event if he/she started on corticosteroids with a dosage ≥2 mg dexamethasone equivalent. Instead, if the participant was not known to have the event, time was censored at the last available visit date. Time to corticosteroid initiation was estimated using Kaplan Meier method.

ITT population. Number of participants analyzed signified participants who were not receiving corticosteroids at screening.

Corticosteroid use was classified as: 1. No Change (if corticosteroid dose at each assessment was equal to baseline); 2. Decreased (if corticosteroid dose at each assessment was lower than baseline); 3. Increased (corticosteroid dose at each assessment was greater than baseline).

ITT population. Here, the number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome, and "n" signified participants with evaluable data for specified category for each arm, respectively.

Deterioration of KPS was defined as a decrease of at least 20 percentage points with respect to the screening. KPS is an 11-level score which ranges between 0 (death) to 100 (complete healthy status); a higher score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

ITT population. Here, number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome.

Time to KPS deterioration was defined as the time from screening to the first date of deterioration of the KPS score. Deterioration of KPS was defined as a decrease of at least 20 percentage points with respect to the screening. KPS is an 11-level score which ranges between 0 (death) to 100 (complete healthy status); a higher score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks. Time to KPS deterioration was estimated using Kaplan Meier method. If the participant was not known to have the event, time was censored at the last available visit date.

ITT population. Here, number of participants analyzed signified participants with evaluable data for this outcome.

WHO PS deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 1 point with respect to the screening value. WHO PS is a 6-level score which ranges between 0 (fully active) to 5 (death); a lower score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

ITT population.

Time to WHO PS deterioration was defined as the time from randomization to the first date of deterioration of the WHO performance status score. WHO PS deterioration was defined as a decrease of at least 1 point with respect to the screening value. WHO PS is a 6-level score which ranges between 0 (fully active) to 5 (death); a lower score represents a higher ability to perform daily tasks.

ITT population.

Participants received fotemustine 75 mg/m^2 via IV infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 (induction phase), followed by a 35-day drug-free interval, and then fotemustine 100 mg/m^2 every 21 days (maintenance phase) until disease progression was radiographically documented or the onset of toxicity prevented treatment continuation.