In peripheral blood; monocytes and macrophages are found in two phenotype; proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. M2 form is converted (or polarized) to M1 phenotype in various metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In peripheral blood; monocytes and macrophages are found in two phenotype; proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes.

M2 form is converted (or polarized) to M1 phenotype in various metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, these forms also are related to insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue.

Today, there is no study that investigate the role of adiponectin an anti-inflammatory adipokine, on macrophage polarization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Persistently (at least 6 months) elevated aminotransferases
• Ultrasonographic presence of bright liver without any other liver or biliary tract disease
• Liver histology compatible with a diagnosis of NASH or SS

Exclusion Criteria:

• A history of alcohol consumption >40 g/wk, as assessed by a detailed interview extended to family members
• Morbid obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2], hypertension
• Positive blood markers of viral, autoimmune, or celiac disease
• Abnormal copper metabolism or thyroid function tests
• A diagnosis of T2DM and systemic arterial hypertension
• Total cholesterol (TC) ≥250 mg/dL, triglycerides (TG) ≥400 mg/dL, exposure to occupational hepatotoxins or drugs known to affect glucose and lipid metabolism

A sample of male outpatients with histologically proven NAFLD, who attended the outpatient clinic of the Gastroenterology Department, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey