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The investigators hypothesis is that a carbohydrate-free diet, ingested for 3 days, results in a change in blood glucose that is similar to the change observed after 3 days of fasting.
In addition to plasma glucose concentrations, other hormones and metabolites known to be affected by fasting will be measured. These include insulin and glucagon, which are hormones that have an important role in regulating fuel use in the body.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 day fast | Placebo Comparator | After receiving a standard diet on day 1, subject will fast on days 2, 3, and 4. Water and calorie-fee beverages will be allowed during this 72 hour period. |
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| CHO-free diet | Active Comparator | After receiving a standard diet on day 1, a carbohydrate-free diet will be provided on days 2, 3, and 4. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 day fast | Other | Subjects will fast for 72 hours |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in plasma glucose concentration | 24 hour profile:before and after meals, or traditional meal times |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in serum insulin concentrations | 24 hour profiles: before and after meals or traditional meal times |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Frank Q. Nuttall, M.D., Ph.D. | Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Mary C. Gannon, Ph.D. | Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minneapolis VA Health Care System | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 55417 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27453716 | Derived | Nuttall FQ, Almokayyad RM, Gannon MC. The ghrelin and leptin responses to short-term starvation vs a carbohydrate-free diet in men with type 2 diabetes; a controlled, cross-over design study. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2016 Jul 22;13:47. doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0106-x. eCollection 2016. | |
| 25458830 | Derived | Nuttall FQ, Almokayyad RM, Gannon MC. Comparison of a carbohydrate-free diet vs. fasting on plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2015 Feb;64(2):253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Oct 8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| 3 day CHO-free diet | Other | Subjects will receive a carbohydrate-free diet for 72 hours |
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