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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Texas A&M University | OTHER |
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Folklore has suggested that consuming grapefruit may promote weight control. Sparse data exist to support this hypothesis, though there is some evidence of health promotional effects regarding blood pressure and lipid profiles. The aims of this randomized controlled trial are to determine the role of grapefruit in:
The investigators hypothesize that six weeks of daily consumption of grapefruit will reduce weight, blood pressure, and inflammation while improving the lipid profile in overweight, healthy adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grapefruit Consumption | Experimental |
| |
| Control | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grapefruit | Other | 1.5 Rio Red Grapefruit consumed daily for 6 weeks |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Weight reduction | Participants consumed 1/2 grapefruit before each meal (1.5 grapefruit per day) for six weeks. Weight was measured before and after grapefruit consumption to assess weight change. Weight change was considered statistically significant at p<0.05. | 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure reduction | Previous studies in animals and humans consuming citrus have resulted in reductions in blood pressure, though no direct effect of grapefruit has ever been demonstrated. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and after the 6 week intervention period (consuming either the control diet or supplementing the diet with 1/2 grapefruit before each meal). | 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cynthia Thomson, PhD, RD | University of Arizona | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Arizona | Tucson | Arizona | 85721 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C000716707 | grapefruit seed extract |
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| Control |
| Other |
Participants followed a diet low in bioactive rich fruits and vegetables and avoided citrus for six weeks |
|
| Lipid Profile Improvements | Previous studies in humans and animal models consuming grapefruit or grapefruit bioactives have shown reductions in triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol and increases in circulating HDL. These parameters were measured via a common point-of-care system, LDX Cholestech. Lipids were measured at baseline and after the 6 week intervention period (consuming either the control diet or supplementing the diet with 1/2 grapefruit before each meal). | 6 weeks |
| Reductions in markers of chronic inflammation | Markers of chronic inflammation, which are also associated with endothelial dysfunction and heart disease, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sV-CAM1) were measured. Inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and after the 6 week intervention period (consuming either the control diet or supplementing the diet with 1/2 grapefruit before each meal). | 6 weeks |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |