Study PIM4973g is a multicenter, international, open-label Phase II trial. Participants with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have progressed on or after VEGF targeted therapy will be randomized in 1:1 to two groups either to receive daily GDC-0980 or everolimus orally.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically or cytologically documented, incurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma with clear-cell component that progressed on or within 6 months of stopping VEGF-targeted therapy
• Disease that is measurable per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1)
• Karnofsky performance status of greater than or equal to (>=) 70 percent (%)
• Adequate hematologic and end organ function
• For female participants of childbearing potential and male participants with partners of childbearing potential, agreement to use two effective forms of contraception and to continue its use for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any anti-cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, biologic or other targeted therapy, herbal therapy, hormonal therapy, or radiotherapy, within 5 half-lives (for systemic agents) or 2 weeks, whichever is shorter, prior to Day 1. Certain forms of radiation therapy may be considered for pain palliation if participants are deriving benefit
• Previously established diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis of any cause
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or greater congestive heart failure
• History of malabsorption syndrome or other condition that would interfere with enteral absorption
• Presence of positive test results for hepatitis B (hepatitis B [HB] surface antigen [HBsAg] and/or total HB core antibody [anti-HB-c; both tests are required]) or hepatitis C
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
• Pregnancy, lactation, or breastfeeding
• Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to Day 1 or anticipation of the need for major surgery during the course of study treatment
• Leptomeningeal disease as a manifestation of cancer
• History of other malignancies less than equal to <= 5 years of Day 1 except for tumors with a negligible risk for metastasis or death, such as adequately controlled basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix
• Need for current chronic corticosteroid therapy (>= 10 milligrams [mg] of prednisone per day or an equivalent dose of other anti-inflammatory corticosteroids for greater than [>] 7 days) or use of other immunosuppressant