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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie | UNKNOWN |
| University Ghent | OTHER |
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The goal of this project is to train currently major depressed patients on fundamental aspects of working memory while the investigators administer transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during these training sessions. This working memory training would be performed using adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Tasks (PASAT). The effects after two weeks of working memory training combined with tDCS or sham placebo (10 sessions) will be measured on different variables, each measured at the start and at the end of the two weeks of training. The investigators expect the greatest anti depressant results and cognitive enhancements in the group of depressed patients that received tDCS combined with working memory training.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| active tDCS and working memory training | Active Comparator |
| |
| sham tDCS and working memory training | Placebo Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| active tDCS and working memory training | Other | This group will receive 2.0 mA anodal DC stimulation over the left DLPFC and cathodal stimulation over the right DLPFC. During the stimulation, this group will be trained on working memory processes. Sessions will be scheduled daily for two consecutive weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | The primary outcome measure is the score of HDRS-24 scale after 4 weeks of treatment. | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory | The outcome measure is the score of BDI scale after 4 weeks of treatment. | 4 weeks |
| follow-up measure | Two weeks after each participant finished his/her treatment, the investigators will contact them to verify whether treatment induces long-lasting effects. This contact will be established via email and we will ask them to fill in the same self report questionnaires as they filled in during the study protocol. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
-Other axis I disorders, including Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Substance Abuse Disorders.
Any axis II disorders.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andre R Brunoni, MD | University of Sao Paulo | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of São Paulo, Hospital Universitário | São Paulo | São Paulo | 05508-000 | Brazil | ||
| Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24767004 | Derived | Brunoni AR, Boggio PS, De Raedt R, Bensenor IM, Lotufo PA, Namur V, Valiengo LC, Vanderhasselt MA. Cognitive control therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2014 Jun;162:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.026. Epub 2014 Mar 27. |
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|
| sham tDCS and working memory training | Other | This group will receive sham stimulation (e.g., identical stimulation set-up but no electric current is sent through the electrodes). Patients however receive the real working memory training, daily, for two weeks. |
|
| after two weeks |
| Internal Shift Task | The Internal Shift Task (IST), an emotional attention paradigm, will be administered to measure the ability to switch attention between emotional and non emotional items in working memory. After 10 sessions of tDCS in combination with the working memory training, the investigators expect a transfer effect on an increased switching ability between emotional stimuli. | 2 weeks |
| Working memory task in combination with pupil dilatation | This task will be administered to measure participants' ability to manipulate emotional information in working memory: either reverse or maintain in the order of three emotion or three neutral words. The investigators hypothesize that the pupil size will be decreased when sorting negative words in working memory in depressed patients that received active tDCS over the left DLPFC in combination with attentional training. | 2 weeks |
| Heart Rate Variability | This measure will be utilized to evaluate autonomic activity by recording electrocardiogram or pulse wave. High HRV has been associated with greater behavioral adaptability and plays a major role in the adaptive recovery from stress. After the treatment, the investigators expect MDD patients that received tDCS with working memory training to demonstrate increased HRV while viewing negative high arousing IAPS pictures. | 2 weeks |
| Salivary Cortisol | This measure will be utilized to evaluate endocrinological response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis, such as cortisol secretion. After the treatment, the investigators expect MDD patients that received tDCS with working memory training to demonstrate decreased cortisol secretion while viewing negative high arousing IAPS pictures. | 2 weeks |
| São Paulo |
| São Paulo |
| Brazil |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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