The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any differences in yield or safety of Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) (a type of bronchoscopy with biopsy) performed under general anesthesia versus moderate sedation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients over the age of 18, evaluated by pulmonary physician that require EBUS TBNA for sampling of hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathies or masses
• Patients should be considered eligible to undergo either CS or GA, without contraindications for either one of them, based on the assessment by the pulmonologist who will perform EBUS-TBNA

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding women
• Patients deemed poor candidates for general anesthesia by the evaluating physician (e.g., severe coronary artery disease, COPD with FEV1 < 1 liter, uncontrolled hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, reaction to anesthetics)
• Previous reaction to medications routinely used in conscious sedation
• Patients with history of intolerance to either general anesthesia or conscious sedation
• Dementia or other severe cognitive impairment causing inability to understand or consent to the procedure and study

Adult individuals with suspected mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathies or masses referred for endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy.