Peanuts Second Meal Glycemic Response

Acute and Second Meal Effects of Peanuts on Glycemic Response and Appetite in Obese Women With High Type 2 Diabetes Risk: a Randomized Crossover Trial

Nut consumption is associated with reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of peanut (whole or peanut butter) to breakfast meals on glycemic, insulinemic and selected gut hormone responses, appetite, and food intake over two consecutive meals in obese women with high Type 2 diabetes risk. Fifteen women participated in a randomized crossover trial where 42.5g of whole peanuts (P), peanut butter (PB), or no peanuts (control-C) were added to a 75g available carbohydrate-matched breakfast meal. Postprandial concentrations of blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), appetitive sensations and food intake were assessed after breakfast treatments and a standard lunch (75g available carbohydrate).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index between 30 - 35 kg/M2
• Not taking medications known to affect glycemia, fat metabolism, or appetite
• Regular breakfast consumer (≥100 kilocalories ingested within 2 hours of waking on ≥4d/wk)
• No body weight fluctuation (<5kg in the past 3 months)
• Willingness to eat all test foods
• No self-reported allergy to the foods provided in the study
• No self-reported sleep disorders
• At least one of the following conditions: waist circumference ≥ 88 cm; reported family history of Type 2 diabetes in first degree relatives; capillary glycemia between 5.5 - 7.0 mmol/L; and/or a 2-hour blood glucose of 7.8 - 11.1 mmol/L (impaired glucose tolerance)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Dyslipidemia
• High blood pressure